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Did Mencius know the Analects?
Abstract
This article questions the widely held assumption that the received Mengzi (Mencius) was composed by an author or authors familiar with the Lunyu (Analects). After reviewing the history of the association between Kongzi (Confucius) and Mengzi and between the Lunyu and Mengzi, it summarizes the case against the traditional dating of the Lunyu to argue for a reevaluation of the “Lunyu→Mengzi nexus.” It then analyzes Lunyu parallels in the Mengzi to show that those parallels do not establish the Mengzi authors’ familiarity with a Lunyu text. The next section on the dating of the Mengzi examines early Mengzi quotations to suggest that the text may not have been fixed until the Eastern Han period, in which case some Lunyu parallels in the Mengzi might reflect a Han milieu. A final section considers the implications of a Mengzi→Lunyu nexus for the study of early Chinese thought. Cet article met en question l’opinion extrêmement répandue selon laquelle le texte reçu du Mengzi (Mencius) aurait été composé par un ou plusieurs auteurs familiers du Lunyu (Analectes). Après avoir passé en revue l’histoire de l’association entre Kongzi (Confucius) et Mengzi et entre le Lunyu et le Mengzi, l’auteur récapitule les arguments allant à l’encontre de la datation traditionnelle du Lunyu et argumente en faveur d’une réévaluation de la “connexion Lunyu→Mengzi”. Il analyse ensuite les parallèles avec le Lunyu dans le Mengzi et montre que ceux-ci ne prouvent pas que les auteurs du Mengzi aient été au fait d’une quelconque version du Lunyu. La section suivante, sur la datation du Mengzi, s’intéresse aux citations anciennes du Mengzi et suggère que le texte n’a pu être fixé avant la période des Han Orientaux, auquel cas certains parallèles avec le Lunyu dans le Mengzi pourraient refléter un contexte Han. La section finale examine les implications de la connexion Lunyu→Mengzi pour l’étude de la pensée chinoise ancienne.
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Wang Chong had access to a written text of Mencius.
“the works of Wang Chong leave little doubt that he had access to a written text of Mencius (cf. Hunter 2014: 71)”
From Mencius in the Han Dynasty (2023) · cites this paper as Hunter 2014: 71
The presentation of the circumstances of Mencius's audience with King Hui is not always the same in Han sources; for instance, Records of the Historian places Zou Yan and Chunyu Kun alongside Mencius and grants King Hui more lines.
“The presentation of the circumstances is not always the same; for instance, Records of the Historian ( Shiji 史記 ) places Zou Yan 鄒衍 (305?-240? B.C.) and the aforementioned Chunyu Kun alongside Mencius during the famous interview, and also grants King Hui more lines (Sima 1959: 44.1847; cf. Hunter 2014: 68).”
From Mencius in the Han Dynasty (2023) · cites this paper as Hunter 2014: 68
The Outer Commentary to the Hán Odes merits special attention because it provides alternative, usually lengthier, versions of passages in the received Mencius and because of its two singular anecdotes involving Mencius's mother.
“Finally, the text known as The Outer Commentary to the Hán Odes ( Han Shi waizhuan 韓詩外傳 ), by Han Ying 韓嬰 (fl. 150 B.C.), merits special attention both because it provides alternative, and usually lengthier, versions of passages in the received Mencius (Hunter 2014: 65ff.), and because of its two singular anecdotes involving Mencius's mother.”
From Mencius in the Han Dynasty (2023) · cites this paper as Hunter 2014: 65ff.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hunter, M.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hunter, Michael
- ORCID
- Hunter, Michael
- Venue
- T’oung pao
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2014-11-24
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 33-79
- ISSN
- 0082-5433 (ISSN-L)
- 1568-5322
- OpenAlex
- W2008564237
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 5.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- T oung Pao (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Chinese history and philosophy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Classical Studies and Philology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Libraries, Manuscripts, and Books
- Keywords
- Mencius, Analects, textual transmission, dating of texts, textual parallels, Confucius, early Chinese philosophy, textual authorship
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