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Cited by 1Biblical Studies and InterpretationHistorical, Religious, and Philosophical StudiesByzantine Studies and History

TITLES OF ENOCH-METATRON IN 2 (SLAVONIC) ENOCH

Open access
Orlov, Andrei A.·2007·Scrinium
DOI 10.1163/18177565-90000165
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Abstract

The article explores the imagery of the celestial roles and titles of Enoch-Metatron in 2 Enoch. The analysis of the celestial roles and titles shows that the transition from the figure of patriarch Enoch to the figure of angel Metatron occurred already in 2 (Slavonic) Enoch, a Jewish work traditionally dated to the first century CE.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This article argues that 2 (Slavonic) Enoch already contains a transitional stage in which the patriarch Enoch acquires celestial titles later associated with the angel Metatron. By comparing those titles with Merkabah and Hekhalot traditions, it proposes that 2 Enoch helps bridge early Enochic literature and later Metatron mysticism.

Key findings

  • The paper identifies several Metatron-like titles in 2 Enoch: Prince of the Presence, Knower of Secrets, Heavenly Scribe, Youth (*Naʿar*), and Governor/Prince of the World. It argues these appear mainly as promises or initiations rather than as fully enacted heavenly offices.
  • Enoch’s scribal role is central: Vereveil gives him a pen and books, and Enoch writes 300 and 60 books over 30 days and 30 nights (23:6); later he is promised the role of scribe and witness of judgment (36:3). The detail that Enoch is told to sit while writing is linked to rabbinic tradition that sitting is not normally permitted in heaven but is allowed for Metatron as a scribe.
  • The term *prometaya* in 2 Enoch 43, attached to Enoch as Governor of the world, is described as phonetically close to “Metatron” and possibly a rudimentary form of the name; the paper says this term is found only in 2 Enoch.
  • The paper distinguishes chapters 21–38, which describe Enoch’s transformation and titles near the Throne of Glory, from chapters 39–67, which contain his instructions to his children after his return; it suggests these blocks reflect two traditions that sometimes lack linkage or reconciliation.

Methods

  • Comparative textual and philological study of 2 (Slavonic) Enoch alongside early Enochic works (1 Enoch, Jubilees, Qumran fragments) and Merkabah/Hekhalot texts, especially 3 Enoch, the *Shiʿur Qomah* materials, and rabbinic sources.
  • Analysis focuses on passages in 2 Enoch chapters 9–10, 21–24, 33, 36, 38, 43–44, 50, 56, and 67 and on the titles attached to Enoch-Metatron.
  • No quantitative sample or statistical analysis is used; the argument is exegetical and tradition-historical.

Limitations

  • Stated in the paper: 2 Enoch only promises or initiates Enoch into these roles and does not show their full embodiments; the two textual blocks sometimes demonstrate a lack of linkage and reconciliation.
  • Stated in the paper: a gap remains between early Enochic literature and Metatron literature, and the paper calls for finding a “bridge”; it also notes that Scholem and Odeberg missed the “Youth” title in 2 Enoch, possibly because Vaillant treated the reading as a corruption.
  • Evident from the text: the argument depends heavily on translations, editions, and manuscript variants, and some claims—such as *prometaya* as an early form of “Metatron”—are presented as possibilities rather than demonstrated certainties.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1163/18177565-90000165

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 10 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingreasoning

    In 2 Enoch, the Lord promised Enoch the role of 'Knower of Secrets'.

    “Finally, the Lord promised Enoch the role of «Knower of Secrets».”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingcitation

    In 2 Enoch 23:4, when Enoch was already in the highest realms, Vereveil gave him permission to sit down.

    “In 23:4, when Enoch was already in the highest realms, Vereveil gave him permission to sit down.38 «You sit down; write every-thing…».”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    The title 'Prince of the Presence' itself is developed mainly in chapters 21-22 of 2 Enoch, which are dedicated to the description of the Throne of Glory.

    “The title itself is developed mainly in chs.21-22, which are dedicated to the description of the Throne of Glory.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    In 2 Enoch, the promise of the role of 'Knower of Secrets' is closely connected with other titles of Metatron such as the Prince of Presence, the Heavenly Scribe, and the Witness of the Judgment.

    “The important detail here is that the promise of the role is closely connected with other titles of Metatron such as the Prince of Presence, the Heavenly Scribe, and the Witness of the Judgment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingreasoning

    The narrative of 2 Enoch does not show the promised powerful deeds of Enoch-Metatron in different offices of the heavenly realm, even in early 'primitive' Merkabah or apocalyptic form.

    “It is intriguing that the narrative of 2 Enoch does not show the promised powerful deeds of Enoch-Metatron in different offices of the heavenly realm, for example, those of the Knower, the Scribe, the Witness and the Prince of Presence even in early «primitive» Merkabah or apocalyptic form.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 49
  • May combine two claims. 14

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    In 2 Enoch, the Lord instructed Enoch to deliver these books in his handwriting to his sons and to distribute the books in his handwriting to his children, for they will read them from generation to generation (33:8-10).

    “The Lord instructed Enoch to deliver these books in his handwriting to his sons, 33 and to distribute the books in his handwriting to his children… for they will read them from generation to generation (33:8-10).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingcitation

    In 2 Enoch, the archangel Vereveil inducts Enoch into secrets, instructing him in all the deeds of the Lord, the earth and the sea, all the elements and courses, the Hebrew language, every kind of language of the new song of the armed troops, and everything appropriate to learn (23:1-2).

    “First, the archangel Vereveil inducts Enoch into these secrets.He instructs Enoch in «all the deeds of the Lord, the earth and the sea, and all the elements and the courses…and the Hebrew language, every kind of language of the new song of the armed troops and everything that it is appropriate to learn» (23:1-2).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingreasoning

    The setting of Enoch's story in 2 Enoch is the antediluvian period.

    “The setting of Enoch's story in 2 Enoch is the antediluvian period.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    Vereveil's suggestion that Enoch be seated occurs after Enoch has been brought in front of the face of the Lord (22:6) and after he has been invited by the Lord to stand in front of his face forever (22.6-7).

    “It is important to notice that Vereveil's suggestion that Enoch be seated occurs after Enoch has been «brought in front of the face of the Lord» (22:6), and after he has been invited by the Lord «to stand in front of his face forever» (22.6-7).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In 2 Enoch 23:6, Enoch wrote accurately and expounded 360 books.

    “«I wrote accurately.And I expounded 300 and 60 books» (23:6).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingnone given

    In chapters 21-22 of 2 Enoch, there are many promises that Enoch will 'stand in front of the face of the Lord forever'.

    “In these chapters, one finds many promises that Enoch will «stand in front of the face of the Lord forever».”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    In 2 Enoch, Enoch writes down the mysteries which were explained to him by angels.

    “He writes down the mysteries which were explained to him by angels.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    In 2 Enoch 67:2, which serves as the conclusion to Enoch's story, there is a statement that the Lord received him and made him stand in front of his face for eternity.

    “In 67:2, which serves as the conclusion to Enoch's story, there is a statement about the theme: «and the Lord received him and made him stand in front of his face for eternity».”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    In 2 Enoch, the Lord appointed guardian angels for Enoch's writings.

    “The Lord appointed the guardian angels for Enoch's writings:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    The substantial part of 2 Enoch's narrative is dedicated to Enoch's ascent into the celestial realm and to his heavenly metamorphosis near the Throne of Glory.

    “The substantial part of 2 Enoch's narrative is dedicated to Enoch's ascent into the celestial realm and to his heavenly metamorphosis near the Throne of Glory.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In 2 Enoch 36:3, the Lord promises Enoch that he will be in front of his face forever, will see his secrets, will be scribe for his servants, writing down everything on earth and in the heavens, and will be a witness of the judgment of the great age.

    “…and you will be in front of my face from now and forever.19 And you will be seeing my secrets 20 and you will be scribe for my servants 21 since you will be writing down everything that has happened on earth and that exists on earth and in the heavens, and you will be for me a witness of the judgment 22 of the great age (36:3).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    In 2 Enoch 23:4, angel Vereveil commands Enoch: 'Write everything that I have explained to you'.

    “In 23:4 angel Vereveil commands him: «Write everything that I have explained to you».”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    In 2 Enoch 22:11, the Lord said to Vereveil to bring out the books from the storehouses and give a pen to Enoch and read him the books, and Vereveil gave Enoch the pen from his hand.

    “«And the Lord said to Vereveil,”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingcitation

    In 2 Enoch 22, after the archangel Michael extracted Enoch from his clothes and anointed him with the delightful oil which was «greater than the greatest light», Enoch becomes like «one of the glorious ones, and there was no observable difference».

    “In 2 Enoch 22, after the archangel Michael extracted Enoch from his clothes and anointed him with the delightful oil which was «greater than the greatest light», 72 Enoch becomes like «one of the glorious ones, and there was no observable difference».73”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    In his deeds as the Governor of the earth, Enoch already «arranged the whole year» and he «has distinguished every seed on the earth, and every measure and every righteous scale» (43:1).

    “As we recall in his deeds as the Governor of the earth he already «arranged the whole year» and he «has distinguished every seed on the earth, and every measure and every righteous scale» (43:1).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingown data

    In chapter 9 of the short recension of 2 Enoch, an angelic being accompanying Enoch addresses him as 'Youth': 'This place has been prepared, Youth, for the righteous...'.

    “In chapter 9 of the short recension an angelic being, who is accompanying Enoch on his way through the heavenly realm, addresses Enoch as «Youth»: «This place has been prepared, Youth (þnoøe), for the right-eous….”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingnone given

    Chapters 21-38 unfold Enoch's transformation from a human being into an angel in the highest celestial realms near the Throne of Glory.

    “These early chapters unfold Enoch's transformation from a human being into an angel in the highest celestial realms near the Throne of Glory.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingcitation

    At the beginning of chapter 40, Enoch says: «Now therefore, my children, I know everything; some from the lips of the Lord, other my eyes have seen from the beginning to the end, and from the end to the recommencement».

    “Third, at the beginning of this textual block (chapter 40) we have the following words of Enoch: «Now therefore, my children, I know everything; some from the lips of the Lord, other my eyes have seen from the beginning to the end, and from the end to the recommencement».69”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    Chapters 39-67 differ slightly from chapters 21-38 in the ways they picture Enoch's role in the celestial realm.

    “Chapters 39-67 differ slightly from chapters 21-38 in the ways the picture Enoch's role in the celestial realm.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    In ch.50, Enoch says that he already «put into writing the achievements of every person, and no one can escape».

    “Later, in ch.50, Enoch says that the already «put into writing the achievements of every person, and no one can escape».70”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The texts outline Enoch's instructions to his children during his brief return to the earth, in which he mentions his new role as the Governor of the earth.

    “The texts outline Enoch's instructions to his children during his brief return to the earth in which he mentions his new role as the Governor of the earth:”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    In chapters 39-67, Enoch gives some instructions to his children during his brief visit to the earth.

    “In chapters 39-67, Enoch gives some instructions to his children during his brief visit to the earth.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    Previous observations about the celestial titles of Enoch showed that these descriptions are situated in chapters 21-38.

    “My previous observations about the celestial titles of Enoch showed that these descriptions are situated in chapters 21-38.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The Slavonic term prometaya is found solely in the text of 2 Enoch; there is no other Slavonic text where the word prometaya is documented.

    “This Slavonic term is found solely in the text of 2 Enoch.There is no other Slavonic text where the word prometaya is documented.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The later chapters (43-44) give an important description of Enoch as the Governor (Prince) of the world, a role which in late Merkabah literature usually is connected with Metatron tradition.

    “First, the later chapters (43-44) give an important description of Enoch as the Governor (Prince) of the world, a role which in late Merkabah literature usually is connected with Metatron tradition.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    In chapter 24 of the short recension of 2 Enoch, the Lord called Enoch and placed him closer than Gabriel, and spoke to him: 'Whatever you see, Youth, things standing still and moving about were brought to perfection by me. And not even to my angels have I explained my secrets... as I am making them known to you today'.

    “In chapter 24 of the short recension 52 we read: «And the Lord called me (Enoch) and he placed me to himself closer than Gabriel.And the Lord spoke to me”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    In chapter 10 of the short recension of 2 Enoch, the same address occurs again: 'This place, Youth, has been prepared for those who practice godless uncleanness on the earth...'.

    “Later in chapter 10 we can hear the same address again: «This place, Youth (þnoøe), has been prepared for those who practice godless uncleanness on the earth…»”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    The passage dedicated to the description of Enoch's role as «Governor of the World» is incorporated into a part of the book that is directly connected with other descriptions of the titles of Enoch.

    “Another interesting point about this material is the fact that the passage which is dedicated to the description of Enoch's role as «Governor of the World» is incorporated into a part of the book that is directly connected with other descriptions of the titles of Enoch.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    According to the legend of the Hekhalot tradition, Enoch was raised to the rank of first of the angels and Mynph r#.

    “According to the legend of the Hekhalot tradition, Enoch «was raised to the rank of first of the angels and Mynph r# (literally, 'prince of the divine face', or 'divine presence')».”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites SCHOLEM

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The author of 2 Enoch deliberately avoids these details because he knows it is not time for revealing these facts.

    “It looks as if the author of the text deliberately avoids these details.He knows that it is not time for revealing these facts.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The motif of the guardian angels of the books is very specific for the esoterism of the Merkabah tradition.

    “The motif of the guardian angels of the books is very specific for the esoterism of Merkabah tradition.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites ALEXANDER

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Although 2 Enoch does not elaborate the real embodiments of these roles and titles but only promises and initiations, it leaves the impression that 2 Enoch is part of the larger tradition and that its author has prior knowledge of the future development of these titles and the deeds behind them.

    “In spite of the fact that the text does not elaborate the real embodiments of these roles and titles, but only promises and initiations in these roles, it leaves the impression that 2 Enoch is part of the larger tradition and that its author has prior knowledge of the future development of these titles and the deeds behind them.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Odeberg notices that Enoch's initiation into the Secrets, and his title the Knower of Secrets, is closely connected with his scribal activities and with his other title 'the Scribe' or 'the Heavenly Scribe'.

    “Odeberg notices that Enoch's initiation into the Secrets (and his titlethe Knower of Secrets) is closely connected with his scribal activities 25 and with his other title -«the Scribe» 26 (rpws) or «the Heavenly Scribe».”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites ODEBBERG

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The narratives of 2 Enoch and 3 Enoch seem to be written from different temporal perspectives.

    “In this regard, the narratives of 2 Enoch and 3 Enoch seem to be written from different temporal perspectives.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationown data

    The passage in 2 Enoch 36:3 graphically depicts the interrelation of the future roles of Enoch-Metatron in the narrative of 2 Enoch.

    “This substantial passage graphically depicts the interrelation of the future roles of Enoch-Metatron in the narrative of 2 Enoch.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The process of the hidden theological transformation, when one name («Enoch») suddenly becomes transformed into another name («Metatron»), does not demonstrate the continuity of the textual tradition.

    “As we know, the process of the hidden theological transformation, when one name («Enoch») suddenly becomes transformed into another name («Metatron»), does not demonstrate the continuity of the textual tradition.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    Previous research has shown that the descriptions of the celestial titles in 2 Enoch occupy some sort of intermediate position between early Enochic traditions and the Metatron tradition.

    “Previous research has shown that the descriptions of the celestial titles in 2 Enoch occupy some sort of intermediate position between early Enochic traditions and the Metatron tradition.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Odeberg reasoned that according to rabbinic tradition the privilege of sitting was accorded to Metatron by virtue of his character as scribe, for he was granted permission as a scribe to sit and write down the merits of Israel.

    “Furthermore, he reasoned that according to rabbinic tradition the privilege of «sitting» was accorded to Metatron by virtue of his character as «scribe», for he was granted permission as a scribe «to sit and write down the merits of Israel».”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites ODEBBERG

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisenone given

    According to rabbinic tradition, there is no sitting in heaven.

    “According to rabbinic tradition, «there is no sitting in heaven».”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The most impressive alignments between 2 Enoch and Merkabah tradition are dependent upon developing the themes connected with the Celestial Titles of Enoch (Metatron).

    “As I have already mentioned, the most impressive alignments between 2 Enoch and Merkabah tradition are dependent upon developing the themes connected with the Celestial Titles of Enoch (Metatron).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisereasoning

    According to Jewish mystical lore, the title 'Youth' could be considered as proof of the theological assumption that Metatron is the translated Enoch ben Yared.

    “According to Jewish mystical lore, this title could be considered as «proof» of the theological assumption that Metatron is the translated Enoch ben Yared.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    One of the links may be found in the indissoluble continuity of the titles of this main character, which are common to both traditions.

    “One of the links may be found in the indissoluble continuity of the titles of this main character, which are common to both traditions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The portrayal of Enoch as an angelic being in chapters 39-67 allows us to see traces of another tradition in the text of 2 Enoch.

    “This portrayal of Enoch as angelic being in this section of the book is very important, because it allows us to see traces of another tradition in the text of 2 Enoch.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Something seems to be missing between these two great theological streams.

    “Something seems to be missing between these two great theological streams.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Chapter 30 of 3 Enoch pictures Metatron as the Prince of the World Mlw(h r#, the leader of seventy-two princes of the kingdom of the world, who speaks (pleads) in favor of the world before the Holy One.

    “Chapter 30 of 3 Enoch pictures Metatron as the Prince of the World Mlw(h r#, the leader of seventy-two princes of the kingdom of the world, who speaks (pleads) in favor of the world before the Holy One.58”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites ODE BERG, 3 Enoch… 2.105

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Odeberg states that assigning a seat or a throne to any angel-prince or to any one beside the Holy One might endanger the recognition of the absolute sovereignty and unity of the Godhead.

    “Odeberg states that «assigning a seat or a throne to any angel-prince or to any one beside the Holy One, might endanger the recognition of the absolute sovereignty and unity of the Godhead».”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites ODEBBERG

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    This symbolic event of angelic transmutation apparently represents in many ways an important turning point in which the Enochic tradition has moved into a new era of its development - the Metatron tradition.

    “This symbolic event of angelic 74 transmutation 75 apparently represents in many ways an important turning point in which the Enochic tradition has moved into a new era of its development -the Metatron tradition.76”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The Slavonic word Enoøe, the vocative form of «Enoch», is very similar to «Youth», þnoøe.

    “According to Vaillant this «corruption» occurred because the Slavonic word Enoøe, the vocative form of «Enoch», is very similar to «Youth», þnoøe.55”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites VAILLANT, Le livre des secrets d'Hénoch... 8

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisenone given

    In 3 Enoch, when R. Ishmael asks Metatron 'What is your name?' Metatron answers, 'I have seventy names, corresponding to the seventy tongues of the world... but my King calls me Youth (Na c ar)'.

    “In 3 Enoch when R. Ishmael asks Metatron «What is your name?» Metatron answers, «I have seventy names, corresponding to the seventy tongues of the world… but my King calls me «Youth» (Na c ar)».”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The titles, like the developed images of the heavenly roles of Enoch (Metatron), help us to see the transparent theological development which lies beneath the hidden meanings of these enigmatic names.

    “The titles, like the developed images of the heavenly roles of Enoch (Metatron), help us to see the transparent theological development which lies beneath the hidden meanings of these enigmatic names.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The narrative of 2 Enoch has a similar pattern: the title of Governor in this context means «the Mediator of the Divine Judgment»; Enoch pleads before the Lord for the world while reminding the world about the Divine Judgment.

    “The narrative of 2 Enoch has a similar pattern -the title of Governor in this context means «the Mediator of the Divine Judgment» 65 -Enoch pleads before the Lord for the world while reminding the world about the Divine Judgment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Andersen concludes that it cannot be a coincidence that the title «Youth» is identical with that of Enoch (= Metatron) in 3 Enoch.

    “Andersen gives a short concluding note on the term «Youth» that «It cannot be a coincidence that this title is identical with that of Enoch (= Metatron) in 3 Enoch».56”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites ANDERSEN, 2 Enoch… 119

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • Rests on an assumption: Prominent scholars of Jewish mystical literature like Scholem and Odeberg do not find the title Na c ar in the narrative of 2 Enoch.
52 of 52

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Prominent scholars of Jewish mystical literature like Scholem and Odeberg do not find the title Na c ar in the narrative of 2 Enoch.

    “Perhaps the most mysterious thing connected with this title is the fact that prominent scholars of Jewish mystical literature like Scholem and Odeberg do not find the important title in the narrative of 2 Enoch.”
1 of 1

Cites

The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [2]2. J. T. MILIK, The Books of Enoch: Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4 (Oxford, 1976);
  2. [33]33. N. SÉD, Les traditions secrètes et les disciples de Rabban Yohannan ben Zak- 45 According to Tishby it is the most popular title of Metatron. «Metatron is known by many names and titles, but his regular designation, found even in the earlier litera- ture, is r(n, na c ar -«boy», or «lad». I. TISHBY, The Wisdom of the Zohar: Anthol- ogy of Texts. 3 vols (London, 1994) Vol. 2. 628. 46 ODEBERG, 3 Enoch… 1.119.
  3. [34]34. TISHBY, The Wisdom of the Zohar… Vol. 2. 628: «it is the mystery of the boy who reaches old age and then reverts to his youth as at the beginning». 48 ODEBERG, 3 Enoch… 1.80. 49 Barsov's manuscript [B], ch. V in Ì. È. ÑÎÊÎËÎÂ, Ìàòåðèàëû è çàìåòêè ïî ñòàðèííîé ñëàâÿíñêîé ëèòåðàòóðå. Âûïóñê òðåòèé, VII: Ñëàâÿíñêàÿ Êíèãà Åíîõà Ïðàâåäíîãî / Òåêñòû, ëàòèíñêèé ïåð. è èññëåäîâàíèå. Ïîñìåðòíûé òðóä àâòîðà ïðèãîòîâèë ê èçä. Ì. ÑÏÅÐÀÍÑÊÈÉ // ×ÎÈÄÐ 4 (1910) 85. 50 ANDERSEN, 2 Enoch… 119. 51 ODEBERG, 3 Enoch… 2.6-7. 52 On Merkabah stratum of the shorter recension see A. ORLOV, «Merkabah Stra- tum» of the Short Recension of 2 Enoch (M. A. Thesis; Abilene, 1995).

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Authors
Orlov, A. A.
Corresponding author
Orlov, Andrei A.
ORCID
Orlov, Andrei A.
Venue
Scrinium
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Published
2007-03-30
Volume
3
Issue
1
Pages
397-411
ISSN
  • 1817-7530 (ISSN-L)
  • 1817-7565
DOI
10.1163/18177565-90000165
OpenAlex
W2332917217
Cited by
1
References
0
FWCI
6.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
Scrinium (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Biblical Studies and Interpretation
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Classics › Byzantine Studies and History
Keywords
2 Enoch, Metatron, Enoch, Jewish apocalyptic literature

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