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Antigenic Analysis of Household Dust Samples
Abstract
Household dust samples from the homes of 106 allergy clinic patients in Baltimore were analyzed for specific allergen content. Dust mite antigen content was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) specific for the major allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae, and D. microceras. Cat and dog antigen content were determined by ELISA using antisera for Fel d 1 (formerly cat allergen 1) and dog allergens 3 and 13, respectively. Mold content was assessed by culture with microscopic identification. Dust mite antigen was detected in 99% of homes (D. farinae, 95%; D. pteronyssinus, 88%; D. microceras, 31%), with total antigen content ranging from 50 ng/g dust (the lower limit of detection) to 30,170 ng/g (median, 1,123 ng/g). Animal allergens were found in 100% of samples (cat: range, 2 to 130,000 ng Fel d 1/g; median, 90 ng/g; dog: range, 112.5 to 585,000 IU/g; median, 2,719.5 IU/g). Although there were highly significant differences in antigen content (p < 0.001) between homes with and without a particular pet in residence, many homes without pets contained pet allergens at high concentrations. Molds were also detected in 100% of homes (range, 4 to 761 colonies/30 mg dust; median, 72 colonies/30 mg). No correlation was demonstrated between antigen content and skin test results, a history of asthma, symptoms on allergen exposure, or the age of the home (except for molds) for any of the allergens detected. We conclude that dust mite allergens, cat and dog allergens, and molds are virtually ubiquitous in Baltimore homes and that our ability to predict the presence and relative quantities of these allergens on clinical grounds is very limited.
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“The levels of Fel d 1 in residences with cats are significantly higher than those without cats [64].”
From Advance in Managing Indoor Cat Allergen Proteins: Molecular Insights, Detection, and Control (2025) · cites this paper as [64]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wood, R. A., Eggleston, P. A., Lind, P., Ingemann, L., Schwartz, B., Graveson, S., Terry, D., Wheeler, B., & Adkinson, N. F.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- American Review of Respiratory Disease
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1988-02-01
- Volume
- 137
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 358-363
- ISSN
- 0003-0805 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080585191
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Review of Respiratory Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 21073)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00035)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Keywords
- house dust, indoor allergens, house dust mite allergens, Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Fel d 1, dog allergen, house dust mites, molds, pet allergens, allergen exposure, allergy clinic patients, skin test reactivity, asthma
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Allergens, Animals, Antigens, Antigens, Fungal, Asthma, Cats, Child, Child, Preschool, Dogs, Dust, Eczema, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Humans, Middle Aged, Mites, Rhinitis, Skin Tests
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