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Plasma Surfactant Protein-D, Matrix Metalloproteinase-7, and Osteopontin Index Distinguishes Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis from Other Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
Open accessAbstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD) characterized by abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. We hypothesized that ECM remodeling might result in a plasma profile of proteins specific for IPF that could distinguish patients with IPF from other idiopathic ILDs. Objectives: To identify biomarkers that might assist in distinguishing IPF from non-IPF ILD. Methods: We developed a panel of 35 ECM, ECM-related, and lung-specific analytes measured in plasma from 86 patients with IPF (derivation cohort) and in 63 patients with IPF (validation cohort). Comparison groups included patients with rheumatoid arthritis–associated ILD (RA-ILD; n = 33), patients with alternative idiopathic ILDs (a-ILD; n = 41), and healthy control subjects (n = 127). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models identified biomarkers that differentiated patients with IPF from those with a-ILD. Both continuous and diagnostic threshold versions of biomarkers were considered; thresholds were chosen to maximize summed diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in univariate receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. A diagnostic score was created from the most promising analytes. Measurements and Main Results: Plasma surfactant protein (SP)-D > 31 ng/ml, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 > 1.75 ng/ml, and osteopontin > 6 ng/ml each significantly distinguished patients with IPF from patients with a-ILD, both individually and in a combined index. The odds ratio for IPF when at least one analyte in the index exceeded the threshold was 4.4 (95% confidence interval, 2.0–9.7; P = 0.0003). When at least two analytes were elevated, the odds ratio for IPF increased to 5.0 (95% confidence interval, 2.2–11.5; P = 0.0002). Conclusions: A biomarker index of SP-D, MMP-7, and osteopontin enhanced diagnostic accuracy in patients with IPF compared with those with non-IPF ILD. Our data suggest that this biomarker index may improve diagnostic confidence in IPF.
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“Another study showed that a panel including MMP7, surfactant protein D (SP-D) and osteopontin (OPN) enhanced diagnostic accuracy in IPF versus alternative idiopathic ILDs when plasma levels of at least one analyte in the panel exceeded a threshold (White et al., 2016).”
From Pulmonary fibrosis: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies (2023) · cites this paper as White et al., 2016
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Metadata
- Authors
- White, E. S., Xia, M., Murray, S., Dyal, R., Flaherty, C. M., Flaherty, K. R., Moore, B. B., Cheng, L., Doyle, T. J., Villalba, J., Dellaripa, P. F., Rosas, I. O., Kurtis, J. D., & Martinez, F. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Joan and Sanford Weill Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, New York
- Corresponding author
- White, Eric S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 194
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1242-1251
- ISSN
- 1073-449X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-4970
- PMC
- PMC5114439
- OpenAlex
- W2346999058
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 21.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01 HL085083, R01 HL109118, RC2 HL101740, K23 HL119558, P01HL114501, R01HL130974, HL115618)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Occupational and environmental lung diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases
- Keywords
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic interstitial lung disease, plasma biomarkers, surfactant protein D, matrix metalloproteinase-7, osteopontin, extracellular matrix remodeling, rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease
- MeSH terms
- Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, ROC Curve, Sensitivity and Specificity, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Matrix Metalloproteinase 7, Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D, Osteopontin, Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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