The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bayesian integration of visual and vestibular signals for heading
Open accessAbstract
Self-motion through an environment involves a composite of signals such as visual and vestibular cues. Building upon previous results showing that visual and vestibular signals combine in a statistically optimal fashion, we investigated the relative weights of visual and vestibular cues during self-motion. This experiment was comprised of three experimental conditions: vestibular alone, visual alone (with four different standard heading values), and visual-vestibular combined. In the combined cue condition, inter-sensory conflicts were introduced (Δ = ±6° or ±10°). Participants performed a 2-interval forced choice task in all conditions and were asked to judge in which of the two intervals they moved more to the right. The cue-conflict condition revealed the relative weights associated with each modality. We found that even when there was a relatively large conflict between the visual and vestibular cues, participants exhibited a statistically optimal reduction in variance. On the other hand, we found that the pattern of results in the unimodal conditions did not predict the weights in the combined cue condition. Specifically, visual-vestibular cue combination was not predicted solely by the reliability of each cue, but rather more weight was given to the vestibular cue.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In particular, if a small conflict is introduced between two cues, an observer’s judgment will incorporate both signals but depend more on the signal that is more reliable (i.e., has the lowest estimator variance) (9, 10, 21).”
From How multisensory neurons solve causal inference. (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
Citations
Cites
Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion
Ernst, M. O., & Banks, M. S. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/415429a · Cited by 4,844
Perception of the Visual World
(1952) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1952.01700030123016 · Cited by 3,748
The psychometric function: I. Fitting, sampling, and goodness of fit
Wichmann, F. A., & Hill, N. J. (2001) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03194544 · Cited by 2,359
The Ventriloquist Effect Results from Near-Optimal Bimodal Integration
Alais, D., & Burr, D. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.029 · Cited by 1,936
Causal Inference in Multisensory Perception
Körding, K. P., Beierholm, U., Ma, W. J., Quartz, S., Tenenbaum, J. B., & Shams, L. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000943 · Cited by 1,069
Vestibular System: The Many Facets of a Multimodal Sense
Angelaki, D. E., & Cullen, K. E. (2008) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125555 · Cited by 966
Duffy, C. J., & Wurtz, R. H. (1991) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1991.65.6.1329 · Cited by 887
The psychometric function: II. Bootstrap-based confidence intervals and sampling
Wichmann, F. A., & Hill, N. J. (2001) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03194545 · Cited by 809
Tanaka, K., & Saito, H. (1989) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1989.62.3.626 · Cited by 692
Neural correlates of multisensory cue integration in macaque MSTd
Gu, Y., Angelaki, D. E., & DeAngelis, G. C. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2191 · Cited by 554
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–249 of 249
Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in different types of amblyopia
Sharifi, M., Jafarzadeh, S., Kiarudi, M. Y., Hassanzadeh, S., & Rostami, M. (2024) · Clinical and Experimental Optometry · doi:10.1080/08164622.2024.2352503 · Cited by 3
Modality-specific effects of threat on self-motion perception
Hacohen-Brown, S., Gilboa‐Schechtman, E., & Zaidel, A. (2024) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-024-01911-3 · Cited by 2
Humans use underestimates of auditory spatial and temporal uncertainty for perceptual inference
Hong, F., Xu, J., Landy, M. S., & Badde, S. (2025) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.2880 · Cited by 4
Zeng, Z., Zhang, C., Xu, Y., He, H., & Gu, Y. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60504-y · Cited by 3
Electrophysiological source analysis of passive self-motion
Nolan, H., Butler, J. S., Whelan, R., Foxe, J. J., Bülthoff, H., & Reilly, R. B. (2011) · International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering · doi:10.1109/ner.2011.5910487 · Cited by 3
Self-citationThe impact of weak inertial stimulation on visual-vestibular bimodal heading perception
Wei, Y., Bao, B., Xie, J., & So, R. H. Y. (2024) · Journal of Vestibular Research · doi:10.1177/09574271241305019 · Cited by 2
Esposito, D., Bollini, A., & Gori, M. (2023) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-023-02265-4 · Cited by 2
The effect of multisensory context and experience on flavor preference decisions in rats
Hua, A., Dong, T. V., & Maier, J. X. (2024) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114480 · Cited by 2
Stróżak, P., Jankowski, T., Wojtasiński, M., & Augustynowicz, P. (2025) · Perception · doi:10.1177/03010066251337355 · Cited by 2
Conflict defined by global gestalt can modulate binocular rivalry suppression
Brascamp, J. W., Cuthbert, P., & Ling, S. (2020) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.20.13.3 · Cited by 2
Young children can use their subjective straight-ahead to remap visuo-motor alterations
Esposito, D., Miehlbradt, J., Tonelli, A., Mazzoni, A., & Gori, M. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-33127-w · Cited by 2
Your Vestibular Thresholds May Be Lower Than You Think: Cognitive Biases in Vestibular Psychophysics
López-Contreras, E., King, S. A., & Karmali, F. (2023) · American Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1044/2023_aja-22-00186 · Cited by 2
Kim, A., Lee, J., & Lee, K. (2022) · IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct) · doi:10.1109/ismar-adjunct57072.2022.00169 · Cited by 2
Bayesian Analysis of Perceived Eye Level
Orendorff, E., Kalesinskas, L., Palumbo, R. T., & Albert, M. V. (2016) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2016.00135 · Cited by 1
Multisensory Calibration: A Variety of Slow and Fast Brain Processes Throughout the Lifespan
Zaidel, A. (2024) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7611-9_9 · Cited by 1
The effects of physical motion cues on driving performance in older and younger adults
Nowosielski, R. J., Keshavarz, B., Haycock, B., & Campos, J. L. (2025) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.019 · Cited by 1
Self-citationGabriel, G. A., Adams, M. S., Keshavarz, B., Sergio, L. E., & Campos, J. L. (2024) · Concussion · doi:10.63392/001c.125861 · Cited by 1
Self-citationKim, J. J.-J., & Kirollos, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1830128 · Cited by 3
The influence of yaw motion on the perception of active vs passive visual curvilinear displacement
Savona, F., Stratulat, A., Roussarie, V., & Bourdin, C. (2015) · Journal of Vestibular Research · doi:10.3233/ves-150558 · Cited by 2
Spatial Sensory References for Vestibular Self-Motion Perception
Zanchi, S., Cuturi, L. F., Sandini, G., Gori, M., & Ferrè, E. R. (2023) · Multisensory Research · doi:10.1163/22134808-bja10117 · Cited by 1
Song, Z., Fan, X., Dong, J., Zhang, X., Xu, X., Li, S., & Pu, F. (2024) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51455-5_38 · Cited by 1
Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Multisensory Integration
Sim, S. H. (2017) · Cited by 1
The Processing of Predictable Versus Unpredictable Motion Signals During Natural Self-Motion
Cullen, K. E., Zobeiri, O. A., Wiboonsaksakul, K. P., Wang, L., Stanley, O. R., Leavitt, O. M. E., & Chang, H. H. V. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.24178-3 · Cited by 1
Mahani, M.-A. N., Bausenhart, K. M., Ulrich, R., & Ahmadabadi, M. N. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems · doi:10.1109/tcds.2022.3144092 · Cited by 1
Hong, F., Xu, J., Landy, M. S., & Badde, S. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.12.01.626278 · Cited by 1
Il'a Faddeevich Tsion--pioneer of vestibular physiology
Marlinskii, V. V. (2012) · Fìzìologìčnij žurnal · doi:10.15407/fz58.02.101
Wei, Y., Bao, B., So, R. H. Y., & Wong, K. Y. M. (2015) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931215591222
Schauen Sie, was Sie hören – Wie das Gehirn mit allen seinen Sinnen die Welt wahrnimmt
Noppeney, U., Jones, S. A., Rohe, T., & Ferrari, A. (2018) · e-Neuroforum · doi:10.1515/nf-2017-0066
“Feeling” Ourselves Move: A Team Effort by Our Senses
Campos, J. L., Pandi, M., & Butler, J. S. (2020) · Frontiers for Young Minds · doi:10.3389/frym.2020.00009
Self-citationTakakura, H. (2020) · Equilibrium Research · doi:10.3757/jser.79.189
The non-Euclidean properties of human spatial representation
Du, Y. K. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820480-1.00070-x
ZENG, Z., Zhang, C., Xu, Y., He, H., & Gu, Y. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.09.03.610907
Motor equivalence in motor awareness
Fasola, J., Betka, S., Faivre, N., Blanke, O., & Kannape, O. A. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.115835
Gabriel, G. A., Adams, M. S., Keshavarz, B., Sergio, L. E., & Campos, J. L. (2024) · Concussion · doi:10.2217/001c.125861 · Cited by 1
Self-citationZeng, F., Wang, R., & Chen, A. (2025) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101511
Effect of inverted visual acceleration profile on vestibular heading perception
Yakouma, M. A., Anson, E. R., & Crane, B. T. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0323348
Magnitude estimation in humans
Petzschner, F. H. (2013) · Electronic Theses of LMU Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.15589
Augmentation of self-motion perception with synthetic auditory cues
Karni, R., & Zaidel, A. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.114885
Wei, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, S., Zhang, N. L., Yan, L., & Sheng, J. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2663071
Sun, H., Tan, Z., Zeng, F., & Chen, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2026.1876597
Billock, V. A., Dougherty, K., Preston, A. M., & Meredith, M. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2026.1676655
Auditory Induced Vection and Motion Sickness and Their Effects on ElectrocardiographyPreprint
Smith, C. C., Pellegrino, K., & Haigh, S. M. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10833240/v1
Decoding self-motion: insights into visual-vestibular causal inference
Sun, H., Chen, A., & Zeng, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2026.1879282
Metadata
- Authors
- Butler, J. S., Smith, S. T., Campos, J. L., & Bulthoff, H. H.
- Affiliations
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Neuroscience Research Australia (AU)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Butler, J. S.
- Smith, S. T.
- Campos, J. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Vision
- Published
- 2010-09-23
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 23-23
- ISSN
- 1534-7362 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2152174583
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 17.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Vision (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Keywords
- heading perception, visual-vestibular integration, cue weighting, self-motion perception, vestibular cues, visual cues, variance reduction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bayes Theorem, Cues, Female, Humans, Male, Motion Perception, Photic Stimulation, Proprioception, Rotation, Vestibule, Labyrinth, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
