Blood Cholesterol and Hydrocortisone Production in Man: Quantitative Aspects of the Utilization of Circulating Cholesterol by the Adrenals at Rest and under Adrenocorticotropin Stimulation*

Borkowski, Abraham J.; Levin, Sam; Delcroix, Claude; Mahler, Antoinette; Verhas, Vera

doi:10.1172/jci105580

Cited by 85Adrenal Hormones and DisordersCholesterol and Lipid MetabolismSteroid Chemistry and Biochemistry

Blood Cholesterol and Hydrocortisone Production in Man: Quantitative Aspects of the Utilization of Circulating Cholesterol by the Adrenals at Rest and under Adrenocorticotropin Stimulation*

Open access

Borkowski, Abraham J., Levin, Sam, Delcroix, Claude, Mahler, Antoinette, Verhas, Vera·1967·Journal of Clinical Investigation

DOI 10.1172/jci105580PMC PMC297082

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

A kinetic study of the conversion of blood cholesterol into hydrocortisone was carried out in two patients through prolonged infusions of cholesterol-4-(14)C. The following points appear to be established by our observations:1) The infused tracer behaved metabolically like endogenous cholesterol; it could therefore serve as a means of labeling plasma cholesterol for investigating its utilization by the adrenal cortex.2) At rest, about 80% of hydrocortisone derived from plasma cholesterol, the other 20% thus being synthesized in situ from acetate and other unlabeled precursors.3) Under ACTH stimulation the participation of plasma cholesterol in the synthesis of hydrocortisone was the same as at rest; the conversion of plasma cholesterol into hydrocortisone was thus proportional to the production of glucocorticosteroids by the adrenal glands.4) The specific activities of hydrocortisone allowed us to trace its adrenal precursors including adrenal cholesterol. The kinetics of the replacement of adrenal cholesterol by plasma cholesterol underlined the functional heterogeneity of the former. The experimental data were compatible with the following model: A fraction of plasma cholesterol entering the adrenal cell is immediately available for metabolism and conversion into steroid hormones, and another fraction turns over slowly, representing some form of storage.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1172/jci105580

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The adrenal glands obtain cholesterol from HDL and LDL to synthesize steroid hormones and neuroactive steroids.
“The adrenal glands obtain cholesterol from HDL and LDL to synthesize steroid hormones and neuroactive steroids [9, 10].”
From Sterol and lipid analyses identifies hypolipidemia and apolipoprotein disorders in autism associated with adaptive functioning deficits (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
The Introduction and Discussion report that adrenal glands use plasma cholesterol to produce hydrocortisone, a steroid hormone. But the Discussion explicitly says the study does not determine how adrenal tissue distinguishes among cholesterol carried by different lipoproteins; it does not establish uptake from both HDL and LDL. The passages also do not address neuroactive steroids (page numbers unavailable in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6 · Cited by 315,771 · see citing works
THE DISTRIBUTION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ULTRACENTRIFUGALLY SEPARATED LIPOPROTEINS IN HUMAN SERUM
Havel, R. J., Eder, H. A., & Bragdon, J. H. (1955) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci103182 · Cited by 8,756 · see citing works
A REVISION OF THE SCHOENHEIMER-SPERRY METHOD FOR CHOLESTEROL DETERMINATION
Sperry, W. M., & Webb, M. (1950) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50934-6 · Cited by 1,928 · see citing works
Methods of paper chromatography of steroids applicable to the study of steroids in mammalian blood and tissues
Bush, I. E. (1952) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0500370 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
THE DETERMINATION OF 17, 21-DIHYDROXY-20-KETOSTEROIDS IN URINE AND PLASMA
SILBER, R. H., & Porter, C. C. (1954) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65419-5 · Cited by 781 · see citing works
PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF STEROIDS
Burton, R. B., Zaffaroni, A., & Keutmann, E. H. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77750-3 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
THE DETERMINATION OF URINARY STEROIDS. I. THE PREPARATION OF PIGMENT-FREE EXTRACTS AND A SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR THE ESTIMATION OF TOTAL 17-KETOSTEROIDS
Drekter, I. J., Heisler, A., SCISM, G. R., Stern, S. C., Pearson, S., & MCGAVACK, T. H. (1952) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-12-1-55 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
The design and analysis of isotope experiments
Zilversmit, D. B. (1960) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(60)90117-0 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
The in vitro Interchange of Cholesterol Between Plasma and Red Cells.
Hagerman, J. A. S., & Gould, R. G. (1951) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-78-19064 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
BODY CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN MAN. I. THE EQUILIBRATION OF SERUM AND TISSUE CHOLESTEROL*†
Chobanian, A. V., & Hollander, W. (1962) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci104631 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
New solvent systems for the resolution of corticosteroids by paper chromatography
Eberlein, W. R., & Bongiovanni, A. M. (1955) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(55)90465-3 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
The Origin of Cholesterol in Liver, Small Intestine, Adrenal Gland, and Testis of the Rat: Dietary versus Endogenous Contributions
Morris, M. D., & Chaikoff, I. L. (1959) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98137-8 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Studies on the influence of dietary cholesterol on cholesterol metabolism in the isotopic steady state in man.
Wilson, J. D., & Lindsey, C. A. (1965) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105288 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
MECHANISM OF CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION
Swell, L., Trout, E. C., Hopper, J. R., Field, H., & Treadwell, C. R. (1958) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70368-2 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
STUDIES ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION OF CHOLESTEROL
Stadtman, T. C., Cherkes, A., & Anfinsen, C. B. (1954) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50819-5 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Dynamic Aspects of Cholesterol Metabolism in Different Areas of the Aorta and Other Tissues in Man and Their Relationship to Atherosclerosis
FIELD, H., Swell, L., Schools, P. E., & Treadwell, C. R. (1960) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.22.4.547 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
THE IN VITRO SYNTHESIS OF CHOLESTEROL FROM ACETATE BY SURVIVING ADRENAL CORTICAL TISSUE
Srere, P. A., Chaikoff, I. L., & Dauben, W. G. (1948) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52697-7 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
ISOTOPIC STUDIES OF PLASMA CHOLESTEROL OF ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS ORIGINS 1
HELLMAN, L., Rosenfeld, R. S., Eidinoff, M. L., Fukushima, D. K., Gallagher, T. F., Wang, C., & D, D. A. M. (1955) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci103062 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Some aspects of the biogenesis of adrenal steroid hormones.
Dorfman, R. I., Hayano, M., Hechter, O., & Saba, N. (1956) · PubMed · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The In Vivo Turnover of Individual Cholesterol Esters in Human Plasma Lipoproteins *
Goodman, D. S. (1964) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105077 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Utilization of adrenal gland cholesterol for synthesis of cortisol by the intact normal and the ACTH-treated guinea pig
Werbin, H., & Chaikoff, I. L. (1961) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/s0003-9861(61)80039-8 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Zone Electrophoresis in Blocks and Columns
(1964) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)95122-2 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
EFFECT OF ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS CHOLESTEROL ON THE FEEDBACK CONTROL OF CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS*
Sakakida, H., Shediac, C. C., & Siperstein, M. D. (1963) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci104836 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Squalene in Human and Rat Blood Plasma*
Goodman, D. S. (1964) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105024 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Mechanism of Cholesterol Absorption
Swell, L., Trout, E. C., Hopper, J. R., Field, H., & Treadwell, C. R. (1958) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68024-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
THE MECHANISM OF CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION
Swell, L., Trout, E. C., Hopper, R., Field, H., & Treadwell, C. R. (1959) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb44207.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The origin and glyceride distribution of fatty acids in rat adipose tissue.
Hollenberg, C. H. (1966) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105333 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Esterification of Cholesterol by Homogenates of Rat Adrenal Tissue
Longcope, C., & Williams, R. H. (1963) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-72-5-735 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Biogenesis of the sterols and steroid hormones; steroid biogenesis.
Bligh, E. G., Cann, M. C., Heard, R. D. H., Jellinck, P. H., O'Donnell, V. J., Bg, R., & Jl, W. (1956) · PubMed · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Body Cholesterol Metabolism in Man. I. Equilibration of Serum and Tissue Cholesterol
(1963) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1963.03700020137124 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
CHOLESTEROL—A PRECURSOR OF TETRAHYDROCORTISONE IN MAN
Werbin, H., & LeRoy, G. V. (1954) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01649a104 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Zone Electrophoresis in Blocks and Columns.
Trautman, R. (1964) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01058a055 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
On the Rate of Formation of Steroidal Glucuronosides in Patients with Familial and Acquired Jaundice*
Drucker, W. D., Sfikakis, A., Borkowski, A. J., & Christy, N. P. (1964) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105069 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of cholesterol in steroidogenesis in man.
Gv, L. (1957) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Hellman, L., R. S. Rosenfeld, M. I. Eidinoff, D. K. Fukushima, and T. F. Gallagher. Isotopic stud- ies of plasma cholesterol of endogenous and ex- ogenous origins. J. clin. Invest. 1955, 34, 48.

Sorted by citations

Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: Consensus statements from an international task force by the American College of Critical Care Medicine
Marik, P. E., Pastores, S. M., Annane, D., Meduri, G. U., Sprung, C. L., Arlt, W., Keh, D., Briegel, J., Beishuizen, A., Dimopoulou, I., et al. (2008) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e31817603ba · Cited by 912 · see citing works
The role of lipoproteins in steroidogenesis and cholesterol metabolism in steroidogenic glands
GWYNNE, J. T., & STRAUSS, J. F. (1982) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-3-3-299 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Critical Illness-Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency
Marik, P. E. (2009) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.08-1149 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
The role of high density lipoproteins in rat adrenal cholesterol metabolism and steroidogenesis.
Gwynne, J. T., & Hess, B. (1980) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70388-3 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
The hepatoadrenal syndrome: A common yet unrecognized clinical condition*
Marik, P. E., Gayowski, T., & Starzl, T. E. (2005) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000164541.12106.57 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Adrenal Corticosteroid Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Action
Arlt, W., & Stewart, P. M. (2005) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2005.01.002 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Science review: Mechanisms of impaired adrenal function in sepsis and molecular actions of glucocorticoids
Prigent, H., Maxime, V., & Annane, D. (2004) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc2878 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
The Many Roles of Cholesterol in Sepsis: A Review
Hofmaenner, D. A., Kleyman, A., Press, A. T., Bauer, M. W., & Singer, M. (2021) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202105-1197tr · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Adrenal cholesterol uptake from plasma lipoproteins: regulation by corticotropin.
Gwynne, J. T., MAHAFFEE, D. D., Brewer, H. B., & Ney, R. L. (1976) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.73.12.4329 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Assessment of adrenal function in cirrhotic patients: salivary cortisol should be preferred.
Galbois, A., Rudler, M., Massard, J., Fulla, Y., Bennani, A., Bonnefont-Rousselot, D., Thibault, V., Reignier, S., Bourrier, A., Poynard, T., et al. (2010) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.01.026 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Cholesterol uptake in adrenal and gonadal tissues: the SR-BI and “selective” pathway connection
Azhar, S. (2003) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/1165 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Adrenal-exhaustion syndrome in patients with liver disease
Marik, P. E. (2006) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-005-0005-5 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIA IN CLINICALLY SERIOUS CONDITIONS - REVIEW
Vyroubal, P., Chiarla, C., Giovannini, I., Hyšpler, R., Tichá, A., Hrnčiariková, D., & Zadák, Z. (2008) · Biomedical Papers · doi:10.5507/bp.2008.029 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Endocrinology of the Testis
Hall, P. F. (1970) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386602-8.50006-3 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
High density lipoprotein in patients with liver failure; relation to sepsis, adrenal function and outcome of illness
Etogo-Asse, F., Vincent, R. P., Hughes, S., Auzinger, G. M., le Roux, C. W., Wendon, J. A., & Bernal, W. E. (2011) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02657.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Mechanisms and clinical consequences of critical illness associated adrenal insufficiency
Marik, P. (2007) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/mcc.0b013e32818a6d74 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Dyslipidemia in the Critically Ill
Marik, P. E. (2006) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2005.08.008 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Cortisol production rates measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Esteban, N. V., & Yergey, A. L. (1990) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/0039-128x(90)90103-i · Cited by 59 · see citing works
High density lipoprotein as a source of cholesterol for adrenal steroidogenesis: a study in individuals with low plasma HDL-C
Bochem, A. E., Holleboom, A. G., Romijn, J. A., Hoekstra, M., Dallinga-Thie, G. M., Motazacker, M. M., Hovingh, G. K., Kuivenhoven, J. A., & Stroes, E. S. G. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.p033449 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Binding and degradation of human 125I-HDL by rat adrenocortical cells
Gwynne, J. T., & Hess, B. (1978) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(78)90281-0 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Role of steroid sulfatase in steroid homeostasis and characterization of the sulfated steroid pathway: Evidence from steroid sulfatase deficiency
Sánchez‐Guijo, A., Neunzig, J., Gerber, A., Oji, V., Hartmann, M. F., Schuppe, H.-C., Traupe, H., Bernhardt, R., & Wudy, S. A. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.019 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The Progressive Increase in Estrogen Production in Human Pregnancy: An Appraisal of the Factors Responsible
OAKEY, R. E. (1971) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60887-0 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Studies on Lipoprotein and Adrenal Steroidogenesis: I. Roles of Low Density Lipoprotein- and High Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol in Steroid Production in Cultured Human Adrenocortical Cells.
HIGASHIJIMA, M., Nawata, H., KATO, K.-I., & Ibayashi, H. (1987) · Endocrinologia Japonica · doi:10.1507/endocrj1954.34.635 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Heterodox notions on pathways of steroidogenesis
LIEBERMAN, S., & PRASAD, V. V. K. (1990) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-11-4-469 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Genetic Alterations Affecting Cholesterol Metabolism and Human Fertility1
DeAngelis, A. M., Roy-O’Reilly, M. A., & Rodríguez, A. (2014) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.114.119883 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Influence of adrenocorticotropin on transport of a cholesteryl linoleate-low density lipoprotein complex into adrenal tumor cells.
Hall, P. F., & Nakamura, M. (1979) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86349-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Changes in cholesterol and its precursors during the first days after major trauma
Bakalář, B., Hyspler, R., Pachl, J., & Zadák, Z. (2003) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/bf03040502 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The flux of energy in critical illness and the obesity paradox
Jaitovich, A., & Hall, J. B. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00029.2024 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Biochemistry and Physiology of the Gonadal Hormones
Henricks, D. M. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-057109-6.50008-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Studies on Cholesterol Esterase in the Rat Adrenal*
Nishikawa, T., Mikami, K., Saitō, Y., Tamura, Y., & Kumagai, A. (1981) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-108-3-932 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E gene determines serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone levels in postmenopausal women
Zofkova, I., Zajíčková, K., Hill, M., & Hořínek, A. (2002) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1470503 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sterol and lipid analyses identifies hypolipidemia and apolipoprotein disorders in autism associated with adaptive functioning deficits
Tierney, E., Remaley, A. T., Thurm, A., Jager, L. R., Wassif, C. A., Kratz, L. E., Bailey-Wilson, J. E., Bukelis, I., Sarphare, G., Jung, E. S., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01580-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Regulation of Steroid Secretion by Adrenal Tissue of a Human Anencephalic Fetus*
Carr, B. R., Parker, C. R., Porter, J. C., MacDonald, P. C., & Simpson, E. R. (1980) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-50-5-870 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
P art IV. ACTH A ction II. ACTH A ction O n T he A drenal C ortex ACTH RECEPTORS AND THE EFFECT OF ACTH ON ADRENAL ORGANELLES*
Ontjes, D. A., Ways, D. K., Zimmerman, D. D. M. C. F., & Gwynne, J. T. (1977) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb41862.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
A multi-center, open label, crossover designed prospective study evaluating the effects of lipid lowering treatment on steroid synthesis in patients with Type 2 diabetes (MODEST Study)
Kanat, M., Serin, E., Tunçkale, A., Yildiz, O., Şahin, S., Bolayırlı, M., Arinc, H., Dırıcan, A., Karagoz, Y., Altuntaş, Y., et al. (2009) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03345757 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Assessment of adrenal function in liver diseases
Kharb, S., Garg, M. K., Puri, P., Nandi, B., Brar, K., Gundgurthi, A., & Pandit, A. (2013) · Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/2230-8210.111643 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Attenuated corticosterone response to chronic ACTH stimulation in hepatic lipase-deficient mice: evidence for a role for hepatic lipase in adrenal physiology
Dichek, H. L., Agrawal, N., Andaloussi, N. E., & Qian, K. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00442.2005 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mechanism of action of diet as a carcinogen
Weisburger, J. H. (1979) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197905)43:5+ · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Phenotype-genotype correlation in aldosterone-producing adenomas characterized by intracellular cholesterol metabolism
Harashima, S., Yamazaki, Y., Motomura, N., Ono, Y., Omata, K., Tezuka, Y., Morimoto, R., Nakamura, Y., Satoh, F., Suzuki, H., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106116 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Effect of decreased plasma low-density lipoprotein levels on adrenal and testicular function in man
Arem, R., Ghusn, H., Ellerhorst, J. A., & Comstock, J. P. (1997) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0009-9120(97)00040-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Endocrinology of the Stress Response During Critical Illness
Marik, P. E. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-44942-7.00076-5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Massive Steroid Excretion and Hypocholesterolemia with an Adrenal Adenoma
Leichter, S. B., & DAUGHADAY, W. H. (1974) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-81-5-638 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Trafficking in Cortisol-Producing Lesions of the Adrenal Cortex
London, E., Wassif, C. A., Horvath, A., Tatsi, C., Angelousi, A. G., Karageorgiadis, A. S., Porter, F. D., & Stratakis, C. A. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2212 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Adrenal Function in Females with Low Plasma HDL-C Due to Mutations in ABCA1 and LCAT
Bochem, A. E., Holleboom, A. G., Romijn, J. A., Hoekstra, M., Dallinga‐Thie, G. M., Motazacker, M. M., Hovingh, G. K., Kuivenhoven, J. A., & Stroes, E. S. G. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090967 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Prevalence and risk factors for delayed adrenal insufficiency after liver transplantation
Toniutto, P., Fabris, C., Fumolo, E., Bitetto, D., Fornasiere, E., Falleti, E., Rapetti, R., Minisini, R., & Pirisi, M. (2008) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1002/lt.21465 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Is lipid lowering treatment aiming for very low LDL levels safe in terms of the synthesis of steroid hormones?
Kanat, M., Sipahioğlu, M. H., Arınç, H., Serin, E., Yıldız, Ö., Tunçkale, A., & Çelebi, H. (2007) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.10.058 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cholesterol delivery to the adrenal glands estimated by adrenal venous sampling: An in vivo model to determine the contribution of circulating lipoproteins to steroidogenesis in humans
Buitenwerf, E., Dullaart, R. P. F., Kobold, A. C. M., Links, T. P., Sluiter, W. J., Connelly, M. A., & Kerstens, M. N. (2017) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2017.03.018 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Assessing adrenal function in cirrhotic patients: is there a reliable test?
Thévenot, T., Borot, S., Rémy-Martin, A., Sapin, R., Penfornis, A., di Martino, V., & Monnet, E. (2009) · Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique · doi:10.1016/j.gcb.2009.03.011 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Suppression of Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats by Cholesterol
Kunitomo, M., Yamaguchi, Y., Futagawa, Y., Hamaguchi, Y., & Yoshio, B. (1987) · The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1254/jjp.44.15 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effect of very low LDL-cholesterol on cortisol synthesis
Sezer, K., Emral, R., Corapcioglu, D., Gen, R., & Akbay, E. (2008) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03345655 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stimulation of uptake of cholesteryl esters into adrenal tumor cells by ACTH and other agents
Watanuki, M., & Hall, P. F. (1979) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(79)81016-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
High-density lipoprotein: a biomarker and therapeutic target in sepsis
Li, M., Barros-Pinkelnig, M., Arbous, M. S., Christoffersen, C., Rensen, P. C. N., & Kooijman, S. (2025) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-025-05702-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
DHCR24, a Key Enzyme of Cholesterol Synthesis, Serves as a Marker Gene of the Mouse Adrenal Gland Inner Cortex
Zheng, H. S., Kang, Y., Lyu, Q., Junghans, K., Cleary, C., Reid, O., Cauthen, G., Laprocina, K., & Huang, C. J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24020933 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bile acids regulate SF-1 to alter cholesterol balance in adrenocortical cells via S1PR2
Liu, L., Zhou, S., Zaufel, A., Xie, Z., Racedo, S., Wagner, M., Zollner, G., Fickert, P., & Zhang, Q. (2023) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149342 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Transport of Circulating Serum Cholesterol by Human Renal Cell Carcinoma
Clayman, R. V., Figenshau, R. S., Prigge, W. F., Forstrom, L. A., & Gebhard, R. L. (1987) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)44478-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Biosynthesis of Pregnane Derivatives
Burstein, S., & Gut, M. (1971) · Advances in lipid research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-024909-1.50013-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The pharmacologic control of adrenal steroidogenesis
Ontjes, D. A. (1980) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(80)90586-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Genetic Variation of Cholesterol Ester Content in Mouse Adrenals
Doering, C. H., Kessler, S., & Clayton, R. B. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.170.3963.1220 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Influence of follicular maturation on 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in hen granulosa cells
Asem, E. K., & HERTELENDY, F. (1987) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0790215 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Period prevalence and mortality rates associated with hypocholesterolaemia in dogs and cats: 1,375 cases
Tan, A. W. K., Epstein, S., & Hopper, K. (2020) · Journal of Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1111/jsap.13204 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Are apolipoprotein E alleles correlated with semen quality?
Paoli, D., Zedda, S., Grassetti, D., Gallo, M., Corbo, R. M., Lombardo, F. P., Lenzi, A., & Gandini, L. (2012) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01263.x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
High-density lipoproteins and adrenal steroidogenesis: A population-based study
Buitenwerf, E., Kerstens, M. N., Links, T. P., Kema, I. P., & Dullaart, R. P. F. (2017) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2016.12.015 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Preparation of adrenocortical cell suspension highly responsive to acth or dibutylryl‐cyclic AMP
Trzeciak, W. H., & Mathé, D. (1981) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(81)80677-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Endocrinology of the Stress Response during Critical Illness
Marik, P. E. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-4252-5.50143-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Intermediary Metabolism of Aldosterone
Melby, J. C. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65600-2_16 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
MicroRNA regulation of adrenal glucocorticoid and androgen biosynthesis
Azhar, S., Shen, W., Hu, Z., & Kraemer, F. B. (2023) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Overview of the Intersection of Genomics of Cholesterol Metabolism and Cardiometabolic Disease with Reproductive Health, Especially in Women
DeAngelis, A. M., Roy-O’Reilly, M. A., & Rodríguez, A. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-799961-6.00011-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Adrenal incidentalomas showing unilateral concordant visualization by adrenocortical scintigraphy: Comparison with adenomas in Cushing’s syndrome
Tani, A., Nakajo, M., Tsuchimochi, S., Nakabeppu, Y., & Umanodan, T. (2000) · Annals of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02987861 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The actions of ethinyloestradiol on the pituitary‐adrenal system of the rat
Flack, J. D. (1970) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb08520.x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Surrogate Markers of Free Cortisol in Cirrhotic Patients: Another Step Has Been Reached
Thévenot, T., Weil, D., & Martino, V. D. (2013) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.09.056 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Stimulation of progesterone synthesis, in corpus luteum cells isolated from 4‐amino‐3,4‐d‐pyrazolopyrimidinetreated rats, by cholesterol presented in non‐lipoprotein form
Petrou, C. C., BOOTH, R., & Stansfield, D. A. (1986) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(86)80848-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effects of Achieving LDL-Cholesterol Levels <70 mg/dL With Simvastatin or Atorvastatin on Steroidogenesis in High-Risk Diabetic Patients
Berberoğlu, Z., Guvener, N. D., Aşık, M., Yazıcı, A. C., & Bayraktar, N. (2009) · The Endocrinologist · doi:10.1097/ten.0b013e3181a7493b · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Failure to Visualize Bilateral Adrenal Glands in a Patient with Primary Aldosteronism
SEINO, M., Abe, K., Imai, Y., Murakami, O., Kasai, Y., Sasaki, S., Minami, N., Munakata, M., Kanazawa, M., Takeuchi, K., et al. (1990) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641969009074718 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Understanding the Cholesterol and Cytokine Network in Patients with Adrenal Insufficiency and Cirrhosis
Khan, S. (2020) · The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh · doi:10.4997/jrcpe.2020.126 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Studies of aldosterone renin ratio and genetic variation at the CYP11B1/CYP11B2 locus in human essential hypertension
Alvarez‐Madrazo, S. (2010) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow)
Detección precoz de trastornos endocrinológicos
Trincado, M. P., & Letelier, B. (2010) · Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes · doi:10.1016/s0716-8640(10)70594-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Placebo-Controlled Pilot Exploration of Cholesterol Supplementation for Autistic Symptoms in Children with Low Cholesterol
Ging-Jehli, N. R., Manda, D., Hollway, J. A., Hurt, E. A., Moone, S., & Arnold, L. E. (2020) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-020-09776-4
Integration of Distinct Analysis Strategies Improves Tissue-Trait Association Identification
Yang, Z., Xu, W., Zhai, R., Li, T., Zheng, N., Yudi Pawitan, Y., & Shen, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.798269
Critical illness and cholesterol levels
Zadák, Z. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85857-1.00010-9
Lipid-Related Pathophysiology of ASD
Noah, K. K., & Tierney, E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42383-3_8
Adrenal insufficiency in inborn errors of metabolism and vice versa: Case reports and review of the literature
Preter, A. D., Rochtus, A. M., Witters, P., & Rymen, D. (2025) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ymgmr.2025.101232
ROLE OF SCAVENGER RECEPTOR CLASS B TYPE I IN THYMOPOIESIS
Zheng, Z. (2014) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)
THE ROLE OF SCAVENGER RECEPTOR CLASS B TYPE I-REGULATED INDUCIBLE GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN SEPSIS
Ai, J. (2014) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)
Génomique intégrée des tumeurs bénignes corticosurrénaliennes
Faillot, S. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/36869127z1fb2z41bbzb082z1048e489a8e6
Mechanisms behind the lipid-lowering effects of ACTH - Studies in different experimental models
Skoog, M. (2007) · Lund University Publications (Lund University)

Steroid Production from Plasma Cholesterol. II.In VivoConversion of Plasma Cholesterol to Ovarian Progesterone and Adrenal C19and C21Steroids in Humans
Bolté, E., COUDERT, S. P., & Lefèbvre, Y. (1974) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-38-3-394 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effects of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone on Rat Adrenal Corticosteroidogenesisin Vivo
Shima, S., & Pincus, G. (1969) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-84-5-1048 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Transformation of cholesterol and acetate to adrenal cortical hormones
Hechter, O., Solomon, M. M., Zaffaroni, A., & Pincus, G. (1953) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(53)90182-9 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Effect of ACTH on the Interconversion of Ester and Free Cholesterol and Corticosterone Biosynthesis in Rat Adrenal Glands
ICHII, S., OKADA, N., & IKEDA, A. (1970) · Endocrinologia Japonica · doi:10.1507/endocrj1954.17.83 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stimulation of Adrenal Cholesterol Uptake from Plasma by Adrenocorticotrophin
DEXTER, R. N., Fishman, L. M., & Ney, R. L. (1970) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-87-5-836 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Authors: Borkowski, A. J., Levin, S., Delcroix, C., Mahler, A., & Verhas, V.
Affiliations: Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 1967-05-01
Volume: 46
Issue: 5
Pages: 797-811
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1172/jci105580
PMC: PMC297082
OpenAlex: W2125633864
Cited by: 85
References: 34
Citations by year: 2025: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 2.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Keywords: serum cholesterol, cortisol, adrenal cholesterol, steroidogenesis, ACTH stimulation test, adrenal cortex, glucocorticoid synthesis, cholesterol turnover
MeSH terms: Adrenal Glands, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Carbon Isotopes, Cholesterol, Computers, Analog, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Kinetics, Models, Theoretical, Radiometry, Steroids

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Blood Cholesterol and Hydrocortisone Production in Man: Quantitative Aspects of the Utilization of Circulating Cholesterol by the Adrenals at Rest and under Adrenocorticotropin Stimulation*

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks