The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Waking genioglossal electromyogram in sleep apnea patients versus normal controls (a neuromuscular compensatory mechanism).
Open accessAbstract
Pharyngeal collapse in obstructive sleep apnea patients is likely a product of a sleep-related decrement in pharyngeal dilator muscle activity superimposed upon abnormal airway anatomy. We postulate that during wakefulness, increased pharyngeal dilator muscle activity in apnea patients compensates for diminished airway size thus maintaining patency. We studied the waking genioglossus (GG) electromyogram (EMG) activity in 11 OSA patients and 14 age-matched controls to determine if GG activity is higher in the awake state in apnea patients than controls. To make this determination, we developed a reproducible methodology whereby true maximal GG EMG could be defined and thus basal activity quantitated as a percentage of this maximal value. Therefore, direct comparisons of basal activity between individuals was possible. We observed apnea patients to have significantly greater basal genioglossal activity compared to controls (40.6 +/- 5.6% vs. 12.7 +/- 1.7% of maximum). This difference persisted when size-matched subsets were compared. This augmented GG activity in apnea patients could be reduced with positive airway pressure. We speculate that this neuromuscular compensation present during wakefulness in apnea patients may be lost during sleep leading to airway collapse.
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“Obesity, specifically central adiposity, increases pharyngeal collapsibility that causes recurrent episodes of UA obstruction in sleep apnea through both mechanical and neuromuscular effects.199–203”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [201]
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“Through protective UA dilator muscle reflexes, the activity of the muscles is increased during wakefulness in OSA compared to matched controls.201”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [201]
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Citations
Cites
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Pathogenesis of upper airway occlusion during sleep
Remmers, J. E., deGroot, W. J., Sauerland, E. K., & Anch, A. M. (1978) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1978.44.6.931 · Cited by 1,883
The human tongue during sleep: Electromyographic activity of the genioglossus muscle
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Fluoroscopic and Computed Tomographic Features of the Pharyngeal Airway in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Hypercapnic ventilatory response in sleeping adults.
Douglas, N. J., White, D. P., Weil, J. V., Pickett, C. K., & Zwillich, C. W. (1982) · PubMed · doi:10.1164/arrd.1982.126.5.758 · Cited by 371
Self-citationPharyngeal Size in Snorers, Nonsnorers, and Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Bradley, T. D., Brown, I. G., Grossman, R. F., Zamel, N., Martinez, D., Phillipson, E. A., & Hoffstein, V. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198611203152105 · Cited by 330
Hypoxic ventilatory response decreases during sleep in normal men.
Douglas, N. J., White, D. P., Weil, J. V., Pickett, C. K., Martin, R. J., Hudgel, D. W., & Zwillich, C. W. (1982) · PubMed · doi:10.1164/arrd.1982.125.3.286 · Cited by 324
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ATS/ERS Statement on Respiratory Muscle Testing
(2002) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.166.4.518 · Cited by 2,940
Pathophysiology of Sleep Apnea
Dempsey, J. A., Veasey, S. C., Morgan, B. J., & O'Donnell, C. P. (2010) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00043.2008 · Cited by 2,243
Adult obstructive sleep apnoea
Jordan, A. S., McSharry, D. G., & Malhotra, A. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60734-5 · Cited by 1,735
Malhotra, A., & White, D. P. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09464-3 · Cited by 1,260
Self-citationDefining Phenotypic Causes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Identification of Novel Therapeutic Targets
Eckert, D. J., White, D. P., Jordan, A. S., Malhotra, A., & Wellman, A. (2013) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201303-0448oc · Cited by 1,173
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mezzanotte, W. S., Tangel, D. J., & White, D. P.
- Affiliations
- Denver VA Medical Center (US)
- National Jewish Health (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1992-05-01
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1571-1579
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC443031
- OpenAlex
- W2139404323
- Cited by
- 769
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 4.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-07085, T32HL007085)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Dysphagia Assessment and Management
- Keywords
- obstructive sleep apnea, genioglossus muscle, pharyngeal dilator muscles, neuromuscular compensation, pharyngeal collapse, airway patency, positive airway pressure, wakefulness
- MeSH terms
- Electromyography, Humans, Male, Pharynx, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Wakefulness
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