The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
TGF-beta 1 and 25-hydroxycholesterol stimulate osteoblast-like vascular cells to calcify.
Open accessAbstract
Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated messenger RNA for bone morphogenetic protein-2a in human calcified plaque, suggesting that arterial calcification is a regulated process, similar to osteogenesis. To further test this hypothesis, we have isolated and cloned a subpopulation of cells from bovine aortic media that show osteoblastic potential. These novel cells are primarily distinguished from smooth muscle cells by expression of a surface marker preliminarily identified as a modified form of the ganglioside sialyl-lactosylceramide (GM3). Osteoblastic potential was indicated by high levels of alkaline phosphatase and collagen I, expression of osteopontin and osteonectin (SPARC), and production of bone-specific osteocalcin and hydroxyapatite. Cultures of these cells were stimulated to form increased numbers of calcium-mineral-producing nodules by the oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol as well as by transforming growth factor-beta 1, both known to be present in atherosclerotic lesions. The stimulation of calcifying vascular cells in the artery wall by these two factors suggests a possible mechanism for the colocalization of calcification with atherosclerosis in vivo.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography
Agatston, A. S., Janowitz, W. R., Hildner, F. J., Zusmer, N. R., Viamonte, M., & Detrano, R. (1990) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(90)90282-t · Cited by 7,786
Cited by
Lusis, A. J. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35025203 · Cited by 4,839
Bone Formation and Inflammation in Cardiac Valves
Mohler, E. R., Gannon, F., Reynolds, C., Zimmerman, R., Keane, M. G., & Kaplan, F. S. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.11.1522 · Cited by 1,049
Parhami, F., Morrow, A. D., Balucan, J., Leitinger, N., Watson, A. D., Tintut, Y., Berliner, J. A., & Demer, L. L. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.4.680 · Cited by 619
Self-citationMin, H., Morony, S., Sarosi, I., Dunstan, C. R., Capparelli, C., Scully, S., Van, G., Kaufman, S., Kostenuik, P. J., Lacey, D. L., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.192.4.463 · Cited by 550
Jian, B., Narula, N., Li, Q.-Y., Mohler, E. R., & Levy, R. J. (2003) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(02)04312-6 · Cited by 438
Metadata
- Authors
- Watson, K. E., Boström, K., Ravindranath, R., Lam, T., Norton, B., & Demer, L. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1994-05-01
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2106-2113
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2059092365
- Cited by
- 460
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 7.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: TGF-beta 1 and 25-hydroxycholesterol stimulate osteoblast-like vascular cells to calcify. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1172/jci117205
- The paper
- Watson, K. E., Boström, K., Ravindranath, R., Lam, T., Norton, B., & Demer, L. L. (1994). TGF-beta 1 and 25-hydroxycholesterol stimulate osteoblast-like vascular cells to calcify. Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci117205
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
