The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
TGF-β switches from tumor suppressor to prometastatic factor in a model of breast cancer progression
Open accessAbstract
The TGF-beta signaling network plays a complex role in carcinogenesis because it has the potential to act as either a tumor suppressor or a pro-oncogenic pathway. Currently, it is not known whether TGF-beta can switch from tumor suppressor to pro-oncogenic factor during the course of carcinogenic progression in a single cell lineage with a defined initiating oncogenic event or whether the specific nature of the response is determined by cell type and molecular etiology. To address this question, we have introduced a dominant negative type II TGF-beta receptor into a series of genetically related human breast-derived cell lines representing different stages in the progression process. We show that decreased TGF-beta responsiveness alone cannot initiate tumorigenesis but that it can cooperate with an initiating oncogenic lesion to make a premalignant breast cell tumorigenic and a low-grade tumorigenic cell line histologically and proliferatively more aggressive. In a high-grade tumorigenic cell line, however, reduced TGF-beta responsiveness has no effect on primary tumorigenesis but significantly decreases metastasis. Our results demonstrate a causal role for loss of TGF-beta responsiveness in promoting breast cancer progression up to the stage of advanced, histologically aggressive, but nonmetastatic disease and suggest that at that point TGF-beta switches from tumor suppressor to prometastatic factor.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
TGFβ Signaling in Growth Control, Cancer, and Heritable Disorders
Massagué, J., Blain, S. W., & Lo, R. S. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00121-5 · Cited by 2,385
The microenvironment of the tumour–host interface
Liotta, L. A., & Kohn, E. C. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35077241 · Cited by 2,310
TGF-β Signaling in Tumor Suppression and Cancer Progression
Derynck, R., Akhurst, R. J., & Balmain, A. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1001-117 · Cited by 2,275
Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection.
Pear, W. S., Nolan, G. P., Scott, M. L., & Baltimore, D. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.18.8392 · Cited by 2,266
Bissell, M. J., & Radisky, D. (2001) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/35094059 · Cited by 2,180
Soule, H. D., Maloney, T., Wolman, S. R., Peterson, W., Brenz, R., McGrath, C. M., Russo, J., Pauley, R. J., Jones, R. F., & Brooks, S. C. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 1,527
Peptide Growth Factors and Their Receptors
Arai, K., Battey, J. F., Sporn, M. B., & Roberts, A. B. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,225
The Transforming Growth Factor-βs
Roberts, A. B., & Sporn, M. B. (1991) · Peptide Growth Factors and Their Receptors I · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3210-0_8 · Cited by 861
TGF-β signaling: positive and negative effects on tumorigenesis
Wakefield, L. (2002) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(01)00259-3 · Cited by 827
Self-citationCui, W., Fowlis, D. J., Bryson, S., Duffie, E., Ireland, H., Balmain, A., & Akhurst, R. J. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80127-0 · Cited by 628
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Fynan, 1993, Crit. Rev. Oncog., 4, 493
- Gold, 1999, Crit. Rev. Oncog., 10, 303
- Dalal, 1993, Am. J. Pathol., 143, 381
- Gorsch, 1992, Cancer Res., 52, 6949
- Soule, 1990, Cancer Res., 50, 6075
- Dawson, 1996, Am. J. Pathol., 148, 313
- Tang, 1999, Cancer Res., 59, 4834
- Schwarz, 1988, Cancer Res., 48, 6999
- Bottinger, 1997, Cancer Res., 57, 5564
- Lee, 2001, Cancer Res., 61, 931
- Suh, 2003, Cancer Res., 63, 1371
Cited by
TGF-β and the TGF-β family: context-dependent roles in cell and tissue physiology
Morikawa, M., Derynck, R., & Miyazono, K. (2016) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a021873 · Cited by 1,321
Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Human Cancer
Elliott, R. L., & Blobe, G. C. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.02.047 · Cited by 709
Development of TGF-β signalling inhibitors for cancer therapy
Yingling, J. M., Blanchard, K. L., & Sawyer, J. S. (2004) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd1580 · Cited by 549
Actions of TGF-β as tumor suppressor and pro-metastatic factor in human cancer
Pardali, K., & Moustakas, A. (2007) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2006.06.004 · Cited by 526
Transforming growth factor-β in cancer and metastasis
Jakowlew, S. B. (2006) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-006-9006-2 · Cited by 517
Metadata
- Authors
- Tang, B., Vu, M., Booker, T., Santner, S. J., Miller, F. R., Anver, M. R., & Wakefield, L. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2003-10-01
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1116-1124
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2058297837
- Cited by
- 393
- References
- 34
- FWCI
- 8.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: TGF-β switches from tumor suppressor to prometastatic factor in a model of breast cancer progression. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1172/jci200318899
- The paper
- Tang, B., Vu, M., Booker, T., Santner, S. J., Miller, F. R., Anver, M. R., & Wakefield, L. M. (2003). TGF-β switches from tumor suppressor to prometastatic factor in a model of breast cancer progression. Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci200318899
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.