TGF-β and the TGF-β family: context-dependent roles in cell and tissue physiology
Open accessAbstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the prototype of the TGF-β family of growth and differentiation factors, which is encoded by 33 genes in mammals and comprises homo- and heterodimers. This review introduces the reader to the TGF-β family with its complexity of names and biological activities. It also introduces TGF-β as the best-studied factor among the TGF-β family proteins, with its diversity of roles in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing and immune system, and its key roles in pathology, for example, skeletal diseases, fibrosis, and cancer.
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TGFβ attenuates tumour response to PD-L1 blockade by contributing to exclusion of T cells
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“Smads are ubiquitously expressed in various cell types, among which Smad 2 and Smad 4 serve as canonical mediators of the TGF-β signaling response [70].”
- Authors
- Morikawa, M., Derynck, R., & Miyazono, K.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- a021873
- ISSN
- 1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4852809
- OpenAlex
- W2347012456
- Cited by
- 1,321
- References
- 231
- Citations by year
- 2026: 86 · 2025: 143 · 2024: 198 · 2023: 193 · 2022: 188 · 2021: 176 · 2020: 132 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 10 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15H05774)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- TGF-beta, TGF-beta superfamily, growth and differentiation factors, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, wound healing, immune system, bone disease, fibrosis, cancer
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Fibrosis, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Immune System, Neoplasms, Terminology as Topic, Phylogeny, Wound Healing, Signal Transduction, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Disease Progression, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Rats
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