The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cortical spreading depression activates and upregulates MMP-9
Open accessAbstract
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a propagating wave of neuronal and glial depolarization and has been implicated in disorders of neurovascular regulation such as stroke, head trauma, and migraine. In this study, we found that CSD alters blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability by activating brain MMPs. Beginning at 3-6 hours, MMP-9 levels increased within cortex ipsilateral to the CSD, reaching a maximum at 24 hours and persisting for at least 48 hours. Gelatinolytic activity was detected earliest within the matrix of cortical blood vessels and later within neurons and pia arachnoid (> or =3 hours), particularly within piriform cortex; this activity was suppressed by injection of the metalloprotease inhibitor GM6001 or in vitro by the addition of a zinc chelator (1,10-phenanthroline). At 3-24 hours, immunoreactive laminin, endothelial barrier antigen, and zona occludens-1 diminished in the ipsilateral cortex, suggesting that CSD altered proteins critical to the integrity of the BBB. At 3 hours after CSD, plasma protein leakage and brain edema developed contemporaneously. Albumin leakage was suppressed by the administration of GM6001. Protein leakage was not detected in MMP-9-null mice, implicating the MMP-9 isoform in barrier disruption. We conclude that intense neuronal and glial depolarization initiates a cascade that disrupts the BBB via an MMP-9-dependent mechanism.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Interplay between Cortical Spreading Depolarization and Seizures
Kramer, D. R., Fujii, T., Ohiorhenuan, I., & Liu, C. Y. (2017) · Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery · doi:10.1159/000452841 · Cited by 3,696
Intrinsic brain activity triggers trigeminal meningeal afferents in a migraine model
Bolay, H., Reuter, U., Dunn, A. K., Huang, Z., Boas, D. A., & Moskowitz, M. A. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0202-136 · Cited by 1,214
Self-citationMatrix metalloproteinases: a tail of a frog that became a prince
Brinckerhoff, C. E., & Matrisian, L. M. (2002) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm763 · Cited by 1,105
Metalloproteinases in biology and pathology of the nervous system
Yong, V. W., Power, C., Forsyth, P., & Edwards, D. R. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35081571 · Cited by 1,060
Asahi, M., Wang, X., Mori, T., Sumii, T., Jung, J.-C., Moskowitz, M. A., Fini, M. E., & Lo, E. H. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-19-07724.2001 · Cited by 1,004
Self-citationMigraine as a Risk Factor for Subclinical Brain Lesions
Kruit, M. C. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.4.427 · Cited by 988
S-nitrosylation of matrix metalloproteinases: signaling pathway to neuronal cell death
Gu, Z., Kaul, M., Yan, B., Kridel, S. J., Cui, J., Strongin, A., Smith, J. W., Liddington, R. C., & Lipton, S. A. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1073634 · Cited by 950
Matrix metalloproteinases in neuroinflammation
Rosenberg, G. A. (2002) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.10108 · Cited by 868
Self-citationMatrix metalloproteinases and diseases of the CNS
Wee Yong, V., Forsyth, P. A., Bell, R., Krekoski, C. A., & Edwards, D. R. (1998) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01169-7 · Cited by 639
Asahi, M., Asahi, K., Jung, J.-C., del Zoppo, G. J., Fini, M. E., & Lo, E. H. (2000) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-200012000-00007 · Cited by 610
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Otori, 2003, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 23, 43, 10.1097/00004647-200301000-00005 · doi:10.1097/00004647-200301000-00005
- 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02360-X · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02360-x
- 10.1002/1097-4547(20000715)61:2<212::AID-JNR12>3.0.CO;2-9 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02228-9 · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02228-9
Cited by
The blood-brain barrier/neurovascular unit in health and disease
Hawkins, B. T., & Davis, T. P. (2005) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.57.2.4 · Cited by 2,661
Blood–brain barrier breakdown as a therapeutic target in traumatic brain injury
Shlosberg, D., Benifla, M., Kaufer, D., & Friedman, A. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.74 · Cited by 897
Lauritzen, M., Dreier, J. P., Fabricius, M., Hartings, J. A., Graf, R., & Strong, A. J. (2011) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2010.191 · Cited by 782
Spreading Depression, Spreading Depolarizations, and the Cerebral Vasculature
Ayata, C., & Lauritzen, M. (2015) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00027.2014 · Cited by 555
Lochhead, J. J., Yang, J., Ronaldson, P. T., & Davis, T. P. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00914 · Cited by 445
Metadata
- Authors
- Gursoy-Ozdemir, Y., Qiu, J., Matsuoka, N., Bolay, H., Bermpohl, D., Jin, H., Wang, X., Rosenberg, G. A., Lo, E. H., & Moskowitz, M. A.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2004-05-15
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1447-1455
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2122779804
- Cited by
- 512
- References
- 57
- FWCI
- 16.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cortical spreading depression activates and upregulates MMP-9. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1172/jci200421227
- The paper
- Gursoy-Ozdemir, Y., Qiu, J., Matsuoka, N., Bolay, H., Bermpohl, D., Jin, H., Wang, X., Rosenberg, G. A., Lo, E. H., & Moskowitz, M. A. (2004). Cortical spreading depression activates and upregulates MMP-9. Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci200421227
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
