Melanocyte-like cells in the heart and pulmonary veins contribute to atrial arrhythmia triggers
Open accessAbstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common clinical cardiac arrhythmia. It is often initiated by ectopic beats arising from the pulmonary veins and atrium, but the source and mechanism of these beats remains unclear. The melanin synthesis enzyme dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) is involved in intracellular calcium and reactive species regulation in melanocytes. Given that dysregulation of intracellular calcium and reactive species has been described in patients with atrial fibrillation, we investigated the role of DCT in this process. Here, we characterize a unique DCT-expressing cell population within murine and human hearts that populated the pulmonary veins, atria, and atrioventricular canal. Expression profiling demonstrated that this population expressed adrenergic and muscarinic receptors and displayed transcriptional profiles distinct from dermal melanocytes. Adult mice lacking DCT displayed normal cardiac development but an increased susceptibility to atrial arrhythmias. Cultured primary cardiac melanocyte-like cells were excitable, and those lacking DCT displayed prolonged repolarization with early afterdepolarizations. Furthermore, mice with mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptor Kit lacked cardiac melanocyte-like cells and did not develop atrial arrhythmias in the absence of DCT. These data suggest that dysfunction of melanocyte-like cells in the atrium and pulmonary veins may contribute to atrial arrhythmias.
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Down syndrome patients over age 35 undergo a series of locus coeruleus events very similar to those in Alzheimer's disease.
“Down syndrome patients over the age of 35 undergo a series of events in the locus coeruleus very similar to the events in Alzheimer’s disease (233).”
From Chemiexcitation: Mammalian Photochemistry in the Dark<sup>†</sup> (2023) · cites this paper as [233]
The Introduction discusses Dct-expressing cardiac cells and atrial arrhythmias, and the Animals section describes mouse experiments. Searches for Down syndrome, the locus coeruleus, Alzheimer’s disease, and the age-35 threshold found no passage addressing the claimed comparison. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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- Authors
- Levin, M. D., Lu, M. M., Petrenko, N. B., Hawkins, B. J., Gupta, T. H., Lang, D., Buckley, P. T., Jochems, J., Liu, F., Spurney, C. F., Yuan, L. J., Jacobson, J. T., Brown, C. B., Huang, L., Beermann, F., Margulies, K. B., Madesh, M., Eberwine, J. H., Epstein, J. A., & Patel, V. V.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Children's National (US)
- ISREC Foundation (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Epstein, Jonathan A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2009-10-12
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3420-36
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2769175
- OpenAlex
- W2167740936
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K08HL094748, K99HL094536, K08HL074108)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Keywords
- atrial fibrillation, dopachrome tautomerase, pulmonary veins, extrasystoles, intracellular calcium, reactive oxygen species, early afterdepolarizations, atrioventricular canal, KIT receptor, adrenergic receptors, muscarinic receptors, cardiac excitation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Humans, Melanocytes, Myocardium, Pulmonary Veins, Receptors, Adrenergic, Receptors, Muscarinic, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Free Radical Scavengers, Mice, Knockout, Intramolecular Oxidoreductases, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Gene Expression Profiling, Mice, Electrophysiological Phenomena
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