The DOI matches its Crossref record; 124 of the 124 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease
Open accessAbstract
The obesity epidemic has forced us to evaluate the role of inflammation in the health complications of obesity. This has led to a convergence of the fields of immunology and nutrient physiology and the understanding that they are inextricably linked. The reframing of obesity as an inflammatory condition has had a wide impact on our conceptualization of obesity-associated diseases. In this Review, we highlight the cellular and molecular mechanisms at play in the generation of obesity-induced inflammation. We also emphasize how defining the immune regulation in metabolic tissues has broadened the understanding of the diversity of inflammatory responses.
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“Increased circulating concentrations of these pro-inflammatory markers are reported in adolescents with T2DM 30 .”
From Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults (2018) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Aged WAT is characterized by a proinflammatory microenvironment with elevated expression of inflammatory genes associated with metabolic disease (39).”
From Metabolic impact of endogenously produced estrogens by adipose tissue in females and males across the lifespan (2025) · cites this paper as [39]
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“Perturbations in immune function have been demonstrated to exacerbate neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases (Lumeng and Saltiel, 2011; Ransohoff, 2016; Reilly and Saltiel, 2017).”
From Deletion of the Alzheimer’s disease risk gene Abi3 locus results in obesity and systemic metabolic disruption in mice (2022) · cites this paper as Lumeng and Saltiel, 2011
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2 retracted
Ropelle, E. R., Flores, M. B. S., Cintra, D. E., Rocha, G. Z., Pauli, J. R., Morari, J., de Souza, C. T., Moraes, J. C., Prada, P. O., Guadagnini, D., et al. (2010) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000465 · Cited by 333
RetractedInflammation of the Hypothalamus Leads to Defective Pancreatic Islet Function
Calegari, V. C., Torsoni, A. S., Vanzela, E. C., ARAUJO, E. P. D., Morari, J., Zoppi, C. C., Sbragia, L., Boschero, A. C., & Velloso, L. A. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.173021 · Cited by 77
RetractedObesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
Weisberg, S. P., McCann, D., Desai, M., Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R. L., & Ferrante, A. W. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319246 · Cited by 10,041
Inflammation and metabolic disorders
Hotamisligil, G. S. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05485 · Cited by 9,199
Xu, H., Barnes, G. T., Yang, Q., Tan, G., Yang, D., Chou, C. J., Sole, J., Nichols, A., Ross, J. S., Tartaglia, L. A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319451 · Cited by 6,760
The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization
MANTOVANI, A., SICA, A., SOZZANI, S., ALLAVENA, P., VECCHI, A., & LOCATI, M. (2004) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2004.09.015 · Cited by 6,534
Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization
Lumeng, C. N., Bodzin, J. L., & Saltiel, A. R. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci29881 · Cited by 4,664
Self-citationEndoplasmic Reticulum Stress Links Obesity, Insulin Action, and Type 2 Diabetes
Özcan, U., Cao, Q., Yilmaz, E., Lee, A.-H., Iwakoshi, N. N., Özdelen, E., Tuncman, G., Görgün, C., Glimcher, L. H., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1103160 · Cited by 3,844
TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance
Shi, H., Kokoeva, M. V., Inouye, K., Tzameli, I., Yin, H., & Flier, J. S. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci28898 · Cited by 3,690
Hotamisligil, G. S., Arner, P., Caro, J. F., Atkinson, R. L., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117936 · Cited by 3,543
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DeFronzo, R. A., Ferrannini, E., Groop, L., Henry, R. R., Herman, W. H., Holst, J. J., Hu, F. B., Kahn, C. R., Raz, I., Shulman, G. I., et al. (2015) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.19 · Cited by 2,611
Yunna, C., Mengru, H., Lei, W., & Weidong, C. (2020) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173090 · Cited by 2,454
Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity and metabolic disease
Saltiel, A. R., & Olefsky, J. M. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci92035 · Cited by 2,212
Self-citationJung, U. J., & Choi, M. (2014) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms15046184 · Cited by 1,971
Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans.
Thaler, J. P., Yi, C.-X., Schur, E. A., Guyenet, S. J., Hwang, B. H., Dietrich, M. O., Zhao, X., Sarruf, D. A., Izgur, V., Maravilla, K. R., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci59660 · Cited by 1,857
Metadata
- Authors
- Lumeng, C. N., & Saltiel, A. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lumeng, Carey N.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2011-06-01
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2111-2117
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3104776
- OpenAlex
- W2165604976
- Cited by
- 2,319
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 109 · 2025: 111 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 154 · 2021: 187 · 2020: 173 · 2019: 177 · 2018: 186 · 2017: 211 · 2016: 176 · 2015: 163 · 2014: 165 · 2013: 155 · 2012: 108
- FWCI
- 16.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK090262, R01DK060591, K08DK078851)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Keywords
- obesity, inflammation, metabolic disorders, obesity-related comorbidities, immune regulation, metabolic tissues
- MeSH terms
- Acute-Phase Proteins, Adipose Tissue, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Energy Metabolism, Fibrosis, Humans, Hypothalamus, Inflammation, Leukocytes, Liver, Macrophages, Metabolic Diseases, Models, Biological, Obesity, Organ Specificity, Cytokines, Disease Progression, Muscle, Skeletal, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
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