The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Impact of Convection on ENSO: From a Delayed Oscillator to a Series of Events
Abstract
The NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3) exhibits persistent errors in its simulation of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mode of coupled variability. The amplitude of the oscillation is too strong, the dominant 2-yr period too regular, and the width of the sea surface temperature response in the Pacific too narrow, with positive anomalies extending too far into the western Pacific. Two changes in the parameterization of deep convection result in a significant improvement to many aspects of the ENSO simulation. The inclusion of convective momentum transport (CMT) and a dilution approximation for the calculation of convective available potential energy (CAPE) are used in development integrations, and a striking improvement in ENSO characteristics is seen. An increase in the periodicity of ENSO is achieved by a reduction in the strength of the existing “short-circuited” delayed-oscillator mode. The off-equatorial response is weaker and less tropically confined, largely as a result of the CMT and an associated redistribution of zonal momentum. The Pacific east–west structure is improved in response to the presence of convective dilution and cooling provided by increased surface fluxes. The initiation of El Niño events is fundamentally different. Enhanced intraseasonal surface stress variability leads to absolute surface westerlies and a cooling–warming dipole between the Philippine Sea and western Pacific. Lag-regression analysis shows that intraseasonal variability may play a significant role in event initiation and maintenance as opposed to being a benign response to increased SSTs. Recent observational evidence appears to support such a leading relationship.
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Cites
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Cited by
Lawrence, D. M., Oleson, K. W., Flanner, M. G., Thornton, P. E., Swenson, S. C., Lawrence, P. J., Zeng, X., Yang, Z.-L., Levis, S., Sakaguchi, K., et al. (2011) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2011ms00045 · Cited by 1,302
Bentsen, M., Bethke, I., Debernard, J. B., Iversen, T., Kirkevåg, A., Seland, Ø., Drange, H., Roelandt, C., Seierstad, I. A., Hoose, C., et al. (2013) · Geoscientific Model Development · doi:10.5194/gmd-6-687-2013 · Cited by 1,084
Kirtman, B. P., Min, D., Infanti, J. M., Kinter, J. L., Paolino, D. A., Zhang, Q., van den Dool, H., Saha, S., Mendez, M. P., Becker, E., et al. (2014) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-12-00050.1 · Cited by 1,014
ENSO representation in climate models: from CMIP3 to CMIP5
Bellenger, H., Guilyardi, E., Leloup, J., Lengaigne, M., & Vialard, J. (2014) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-013-1783-z · Cited by 872
Lamarque, J.-F., Emmons, L. K., Hess, P. G., Kinnison, D. E., Tilmes, S., Vitt, F., Heald, C. L., Holland, E. A., Lauritzen, P. H., Neu, J., et al. (2012) · Geoscientific Model Development · doi:10.5194/gmd-5-369-2012 · Cited by 835
Metadata
- Authors
- Neale, R. B., Richter, J. H., & Jochum, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Climate
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2008-11-15
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 5904-5924
- ISSN
- 0894-8755 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0442
- OpenAlex
- W1967031773
- Cited by
- 621
- References
- 52
- FWCI
- 29.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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