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Cited by 517

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Changes in the Timing of Snowmelt and Streamflow in Colorado: A Response to Recent Warming

Open access
Clow, David W.·2010·Journal of Climate
DOI 10.1175/2009jcli2951.1
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Abstract

Trends in the timing of snowmelt and associated runoff in Colorado were evaluated for the 1978–2007 water years using the regional Kendall test (RKT) on daily snow-water equivalent (SWE) data from snowpack telemetry (SNOTEL) sites and daily streamflow data from headwater streams. The RKT is a robust, nonparametric test that provides an increased power of trend detection by grouping data from multiple sites within a given geographic region. The RKT analyses indicated strong, pervasive trends in snowmelt and streamflow timing, which have shifted toward earlier in the year by a median of 2–3 weeks over the 29-yr study period. In contrast, relatively few statistically significant trends were detected using simple linear regression. RKT analyses also indicated that November–May air temperatures increased by a median of 0.9°C decade−1, while 1 April SWE and maximum SWE declined by a median of 4.1 and 3.6 cm decade−1, respectively. Multiple linear regression models were created, using monthly air temperatures, snowfall, latitude, and elevation as explanatory variables to identify major controlling factors on snowmelt timing. The models accounted for 45% of the variance in snowmelt onset, and 78% of the variance in the snowmelt center of mass (when half the snowpack had melted). Variations in springtime air temperature and SWE explained most of the interannual variability in snowmelt timing. Regression coefficients for air temperature were negative, indicating that warm temperatures promote early melt. Regression coefficients for SWE, latitude, and elevation were positive, indicating that abundant snowfall tends to delay snowmelt, and snowmelt tends to occur later at northern latitudes and high elevations. Results from this study indicate that even the mountains of Colorado, with their high elevations and cold snowpacks, are experiencing substantial shifts in the timing of snowmelt and snowmelt runoff toward earlier in the year.

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Metadata

Authors
Clow, D. W.
Venue
Journal of Climate
Publisher
American Meteorological Society
Published
2010-05-01
Volume
23
Issue
9
Pages
2293-2306
ISSN
  • 0894-8755 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-0442
DOI
10.1175/2009jcli2951.1
OpenAlex
W2108506046
Cited by
517
References
40
FWCI
9.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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