The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Turbulence Regimes and Turbulence Intermittency in the Stable Boundary Layer during CASES-99
Open accessAbstract
An investigation of nocturnal intermittent turbulence during the Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study in 1999 (CASES-99) revealed three turbulence regimes at each observation height: 1) regime 1, a weak turbulence regime when the wind speed is less than a threshold value; 2) regime 2, a strong turbulence regime when the wind speed exceeds the threshold value; and 3) regime 3, a moderate turbulence regime when top-down turbulence sporadically bursts into the otherwise weak turbulence regime. For regime 1, the strength of small turbulence eddies is correlated with local shear and weakly related to local stratification. For regime 2, the turbulence strength increases systematically with wind speed as a result of turbulence generation by the bulk shear, which scales with the observation height. The threshold wind speed marks the transition above which the boundary layer approaches near-neutral conditions, where the turbulent mixing substantially reduces the stratification and temperature fluctuations. The preference of the turbulence regimes during CASES-99 is closely related to the existence and the strength of low-level jets. Because of the different roles of the bulk and local shear with regard to turbulence generation under different wind conditions, the relationship between turbulence strength and the local gradient Richardson number varies for the different turbulence regimes. Turbulence intermittency at any observation height was categorized in three ways: turbulence magnitude oscillations between regimes 1 and 2 as wind speed varies back and forth across its threshold value, episodic turbulence enhancements within regime 1 as a result of local instability, and downbursts of turbulence in regime 3.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This positive feedback can lead ultimately to a very stable boundary layer (VSBL), where turbulence collapses and becomes only intermittent (Steeneveld et al., 2006;Sun et al., 2012;Van de Wiel et al., 2012).”
From In situ vertical observations of the layered structure of air pollution in a continental high-latitude urban boundary layer during winter (2025) · cites this paper as Sun et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layers
Mahrt, L. (1999) · Boundary-Layer Meteorology · doi:10.1023/a:1001765727956 · Cited by 652
Self-citationGlickman, T., & Zenk, W. (2000) · American Meteorological Society eBooks · Cited by 512
Nocturnal Low-Level Jet Characteristics Over Kansas During Cases-99
Banta, R. M., Newsom, R., Lundquist, J. K., Pichugina, Y. L., Coulter, R. L., & Mahrt, L. J. (2002) · Boundary-Layer Meteorology · doi:10.1023/a:1019992330866 · Cited by 391
Self-citationNocturnal Boundary-Layer Regimes
Mahrt, L. J. (1998) · Boundary-Layer Meteorology · doi:10.1023/a:1001171313493 · Cited by 340
Self-citationIdentification of Marine Eddies from Altimetric Maps
Isern‐Fontanet, J., Garcı́a-Ladona, E., & Font, J. (2003) · Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology · doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2003)20 · Cited by 308
Self-citationBanta, R. M., Pichugina, Y. L., & Brewer, W. A. (2006) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/jas3776.1 · Cited by 290
Self-citationOn the critical Richardson number in stably stratified turbulence
Galperin, B., Sukoriansky, S., & Anderson, P. S. (2007) · Atmospheric Science Letters · doi:10.1002/asl.153 · Cited by 256
RECENT CHANGES IN FROST DAYS AND THE FROST-FREE SEASON IN THE UNITED STATES
Easterling, D. R. (2002) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/1520-0477-83.9.1327 · Cited by 216
Self-citationStable Boundary-Layer Scaling Regimes: The Sheba Data
Grachev, A. A., Fairall, C. W., Persson, P. O. G., Andreas, E. L., & Guest, P. S. (2005) · Boundary-Layer Meteorology · doi:10.1007/s10546-004-2729-0 · Cited by 212
Nonlinear Multichannel Algorithms for Estimating Sea Surface Temperature with AVHRR Satellite Data
Walton, C. C. (1988) · Journal of applied meteorology · doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1988)027 · Cited by 203
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 40 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Banta, 2003, Relationship between low-level jet properties and turbulence kinetic energy in the nocturnal stable boundary layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2549, 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2549:RBLJPA>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
- Fritts, 2003, Analysis of ducted motions in the stable nocturnal boundary layer during CASES-99, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2450, 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2450:AODMIT>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
- Newsom, 2003, Shear-flow instability in the stable nocturnal boundary layer as observed by Doppler lidar during CASES-99, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 16, 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0016:SFIITS>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
- Poulos, 2002, CASES-99—A comprehensive investigation of the stable nocturnal boundary layer, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 555, 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0555:CACIOT>2.3.CO;2 · DOI
- Van de Wiel, 2003, Intermittent turbulence in the stable boundary layer over land. Part III: A classification for observations during CASES-99, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2509, 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2509:ITITSB>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–334 of 334
Kaiser, A. (2023) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-1519-ac1
Regimes de turbulência na camada limite noturna acima da floresta Amazônica
de Mendonça, A. C. S., Dias‐Júnior, C. Q., Acevedo, O. C., Mortarini, L., & Marra, D. M. (2023) · Ciência e Natura · doi:10.5902/2179460x75412
Miranda, F. O., Bulcão, B. C., Dias‐Júnior, C. Q., Manzi, A. O., & de Souza, C. M. (2023) · Ciência e Natura · doi:10.5902/2179460x75415
Raut, J. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2152-ac2
Raut, J. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2152-ac1
dos Santos, E. M., & de Paulo, S. R. (2024) · Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física · doi:10.26848/rbgf.v17.3.p1501-1520
The Stably Stratified Boundary Layer
Lan, C. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-96026-7.00077-1
Zhang, H., Wang, M., He, Q., Mamtimin, A., Liu, J., & Li, H. (2024) · Theoretical and Applied Climatology · doi:10.1007/s00704-024-05070-x
Zaitseva, D. V., Kallistratova, M. A., Luyluykin, V. S., Kouznetsov, R. D., & Kuznetsov, D. D. (2024) · Известия Российской академии наук Физика атмосферы и океана · doi:10.31857/s0002351524040029
Lan, C., Holst, C., Grünwald, T., & Mauder, M. R. (2025) · Boundary-Layer Meteorology · doi:10.1007/s10546-024-00894-6
Andrades, M. F., Costa, F. D., Acevedo, O. C., Maroneze, R., Medeiros, L. E., & Viana, L. A. N. (2024) · Ciência e Natura · doi:10.5902/2179460x87948
Simulação numérica da ocorrência de Intermitência durante o colapso da turbulência
Camponogara, L. F., Viana, L. A. N., Maroneze, R., Acevedo, O. C., & Costa, F. D. (2024) · Ciência e Natura · doi:10.5902/2179460x87947
Acevedo, O. C., Costa, F. D., Maroneze, R., Medeiros, L. E., Puhales, F. S., Manzi, A. O., Fiebrich, C. A., & Illston, B. G. (2025) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.5059
On the vertical variability of turbulent heat fluxes within and above a deciduous forest
Lee, T. R., Pal, S., Krishnan, P., Wilson, T., Saylor, R., Meyers, T. P., Kochendorfer, J., Pendergrass, W., White, R., & Heuer, M. W. (2025) · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110844
Shimoni, M., Clarke, A., & Jacobi, I. (2026) · AIAA SciTech Forum · doi:10.2514/6.2026-0958
Abdoli, M., Lapo, K., & Thomas, C. K. (2026) · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111129
Boundary layer processes impacting the surface energy balance in the Arctic
Maillard, J. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/0a9c3fa6zd0d9z423eza39cz58b0ca63226c
Local wintertime Arctic air pollution
Brett, N. (2025) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8c764862zfb52z4ccez8e0bz5ac148c244d3
Wei, S., Yang, G., & Li, X. (2026) · Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/5.0314196
Xue, J., Yang, Y., Ren, G., & Lolli, S. (2026) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-26-11543-2026
Meandering analysis under low wind conditions in built-up environment
Bounouas, H., Dupont, É., Roupsard, P., & Roustan, Y. (2026) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.109248
Stability-Dependent Structural Changes in Surface-Layer Wind Profiles over the Horqin Grassland
Shu, H., Feng, C., Pei, Y., Zhang, Y., Meng, Y., Wang, Q., & Tian, W. (2026) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos17090833
Planetary boundary-layer influence on optical turbulence at AlUla Manara
Alrefay, T., Malik, N. A. A., & Alghamdi, A. S. (2026) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stag1629
Zhu, Z., Ma, Y., & Jiang, X. (2026) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.109304
Spatial variability and turbulence regimes of down-valley flows in the Aure Valley (French Pyrenees)
Ortíz-Corral, P., Román‐Cascón, C., Sun, J., Jiménez-Rincón, J. A., Lohou, F., Lothon, M., & Yagüe, C. (2026) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.109349
Self-citationChen, Y., 王敏仲, Yang, Y., Zhu, C., Si, H., 陈荣毅, Mamtimin, A., & Zhang, J. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11109859/v1
Wang, L., Weng, Y., Cheng, X., Gao, Z., Yang, A., Tao, Y., & Wan, B. (2026) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2026.103189
Ouyang, S., Yan, C., Zhang, N., Shao, X., & Miao, S. (2026) · Boundary-Layer Meteorology · doi:10.1007/s10546-026-01006-2
Metadata
- Authors
- Sun, J., Mahrt, L., Banta, R. M., & Pichugina, Y. L.
- Affiliations
- NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sun, Jielun
- Venue
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2012-01-01
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 338-351
- ISSN
- 0022-4928 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0469
- OpenAlex
- W2007139440
- Cited by
- 334
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Center for Atmospheric Research
- University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- Army Research Office
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Keywords
- stable boundary layer, turbulence intermittency, turbulence regimes, nocturnal boundary layer, CASES-99, low-level jet, wind speed threshold, Richardson number, stratification, turbulence generation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
