The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Curious Case of Indian Ocean Warming*,+
Abstract
Recent studies have pointed out an increased warming over the Indian Ocean warm pool (the central-eastern Indian Ocean characterized by sea surface temperatures greater than 28.0°C) during the past half-century, although the reasons behind this monotonous warming are still debated. The results here reveal a larger picture—namely, that the western tropical Indian Ocean has been warming for more than a century, at a rate faster than any other region of the tropical oceans, and turns out to be the largest contributor to the overall trend in the global mean sea surface temperature (SST). During 1901–2012, while the Indian Ocean warm pool went through an increase of 0.7°C, the western Indian Ocean experienced anomalous warming of 1.2°C in summer SSTs. The warming of the generally cool western Indian Ocean against the rest of the tropical warm pool region alters the zonal SST gradients, and has the potential to change the Asian monsoon circulation and rainfall, as well as alter the marine food webs in this biologically productive region. The current study using observations and global coupled ocean–atmosphere model simulations gives compelling evidence that, besides direct contribution from greenhouse warming, the long-term warming trend over the western Indian Ocean during summer is highly dependent on the asymmetry in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection, and the positive SST skewness associated with ENSO during recent decades.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The ERA‐Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., et al. (2011) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.828 · Cited by 24,480
An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design
Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J., & Meehl, G. A. (2012) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1 · Cited by 14,052
Rayner, N. A., Parker, D. E., Horton, E. B., Folland, C. K., Alexander, L. V., Rowell, D. P., Kent, E. C., & Kaplan, A. (2003) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2002jd002670 · Cited by 10,991
A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean
Saji, N. H., Goswami, B. N., Vinayachandran, P. N., & Yamagata, T. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43854 · Cited by 5,510
Improvements to NOAA’s Historical Merged Land–Ocean Surface Temperature Analysis (1880–2006)
Smith, T. M., Reynolds, R. W., Peterson, T. C., & Lawrimore, J. (2008) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2007jcli2100.1 · Cited by 2,923
Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity
Behrenfeld, M. J., O’Malley, R. T., Siegel, D. A., McClain, C. R., Sarmiento, J. L., Feldman, G. C., Milligan, A. J., Falkowski, P. G., Letelier, R. M., & Boss, E. S. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05317 · Cited by 2,485
Coupled ocean–atmosphere dynamics in the Indian Ocean during 1997–98
Webster, P. J., Moore, A. M., Loschnigg, J. P., & Leben, R. R. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43848 · Cited by 2,144
Indian Ocean Capacitor Effect on Indo–Western Pacific Climate during the Summer following El Niño
Xie, S.-P., Hu, K., Hafner, J., Tokinaga, H., Du, Y., Huang, G., & Sampe, T. (2009) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2008jcli2544.1 · Cited by 2,030
Recent global-warming hiatus tied to equatorial Pacific surface cooling
Kosaka, Y., & Xie, S.-P. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12534 · Cited by 1,700
Remote Sea Surface Temperature Variations during ENSO: Evidence for a Tropical Atmospheric Bridge
Klein, S. A., Soden, B. J., & Lau, N.-C. (1999) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<0917:rsstvd>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 1,524
Cited by
On the Variability and Increasing Trends of Heat Waves over India
Rohini, P., Rajeevan, M., & Srivastava, A. K. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep26153 · Cited by 448
Added value of CMIP6 over CMIP5 models in simulating Indian summer monsoon rainfall
Gusain, A., Ghosh, S., & Karmakar, S. (2020) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104680 · Cited by 408
Douglass, K., & Cooper, J. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1914211117 · Cited by 95
Metadata
- Authors
- Roxy, M. K., Ritika, K., Terray, P., & Masson, S.
- Venue
- Journal of Climate
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2014-11-04
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 8501-8509
- ISSN
- 0894-8755 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0442
- OpenAlex
- W2149372682
- Cited by
- 526
- References
- 43
- FWCI
- 17.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Curious Case of Indian Ocean Warming*,+. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00471.1
- The paper
- Roxy, M. K., Ritika, K., Terray, P., & Masson, S. (2014). The Curious Case of Indian Ocean Warming*,+. Journal of Climate. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00471.1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
