The ERA‐Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system

Dee, D. P.; Uppala, S. M.; Simmons, A. J.; Berrisford, P.; Poli, P.; Kobayashi, S.; Andrae, U.; Balmaseda, M. A.; Balsamo, G.; Bauer, P.; Bechtold, P.; Beljaars, A. C. M.; van de Berg, L.; Bidlot, J.; Bormann, N.; Delsol, C.; Dragani, R.; Fuentes, M.; Geer, A. J.; Haimberger, L.; Healy, S. B.; Hersbach, H.; Hólm, E. V.; Isaksen, L.; Kållberg, P.; Köhler, M.; Matricardi, M.; McNally, A. P.; Monge‐Sanz, B. M.; Morcrette, J.‐J.; Park, B.‐K.; Peubey, C.; de Rosnay, P.; Tavolato, C.; Thépaut, J.‐N.; Vitart, F.

doi:10.1002/qj.828

Cited by 24,480Meteorological Phenomena and SimulationsOceanographic and Atmospheric ProcessesClimate variability and models

The ERA‐Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system

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Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A. +28 more·2011·Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

DOI 10.1002/qj.828

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Abstract

ERA‐Interim is the latest global atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The ERA‐Interim project was conducted in part to prepare for a new atmospheric reanalysis to replace ERA‐40, which will extend back to the early part of the twentieth century. This article describes the forecast model, data assimilation method, and input datasets used to produce ERA‐Interim, and discusses the performance of the system. Special emphasis is placed on various difficulties encountered in the production of ERA‐40, including the representation of the hydrological cycle, the quality of the stratospheric circulation, and the consistency in time of the reanalysed fields. We provide evidence for substantial improvements in each of these aspects. We also identify areas where further work is needed and describe opportunities and objectives for future reanalysis projects at ECMWF. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society

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Clear-sky radiances from SSM/I and SSMIS were directly assimilated in ERA-Interim over the ocean, but not SMMR radiances.
“We note that clear-sky radiances from SSM/I and SSMIS were directly assimilated in ERA-Interim over the ocean (Dee et al., 2011) but not SMMR radiances (P. Poli, personal communication, 2018).”
From Version 2 of the EUMETSAT OSI SAF and ESA CCI sea-ice concentration climate data records (2019) · cites this paper as Dee et al., 2011

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Authors: Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A. C. M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S. B., Hersbach, H., Hólm, E. V., Isaksen, L., Kållberg, P., Köhler, M., Matricardi, M., McNally, A. P., Monge‐Sanz, B. M., Morcrette, J. ‐., Park, B. ‐., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C., Thépaut, J. ‐., & Vitart, F.
Affiliations: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (GB)
Japan Meteorological Agency (JP)
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SE)
University of Vienna (AT)
Korea Meteorological Administration (KR)
Corresponding author: Dee, D. P.
ORCID: Dee, D. P.
Simmons, A. J.
Poli, P.
Andrae, U.
Balmaseda, M. A.
Balsamo, G.
Bauer, P.
Bechtold, P.
Beljaars, A. C. M.
Bidlot, J.
Bormann, N.
Fuentes, M.
Geer, A. J.
Haimberger, L.
Healy, S. B.
Hersbach, H.
Köhler, M.
Matricardi, M.
Thépaut, J.‐N.
Vitart, F.
Venue: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2011-04
Volume: 137
Issue: 656
Pages: 553-597
ISSN: 0035-9009 (ISSN-L)
1477-870X
DOI: 10.1002/qj.828
OpenAlex: W2121745948
Cited by: 24,480
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 360 · 2025: 596 · 2024: 926 · 2023: 1376 · 2022: 2084 · 2021: 2697 · 2020: 2705 · 2019: 2747 · 2018: 2600 · 2017: 2202 · 2016: 1987 · 2015: 1529 · 2014: 1221 · 2013: 855 · 2012: 483
FWCI: 505.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by-nc-sa
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 27 d)
Locations: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (publishedVersion)
BIRD (Basque Center for Applied Mathematics) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
CentAUR (University of Reading) (acceptedVersion)
LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Funders: Natural Environment Research Council (ncas10009, NE/F004575/1)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Keywords: ERA-Interim reanalysis, atmospheric reanalysis, data assimilation, ERA-40, forecasting models, water cycle, stratospheric circulation, ECMWF

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