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The shallow and deep western boundary circulation of the South Atlantic at 5°-11°S.

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Schott, Friedrich A., Dengler, Marcus, Zantopp, Rainer, Stramma, Lothar, Fischer, Jürgen, Brandt, Peter·2005·Journal of Physical Oceanography

DOI 10.1175/jpo2813.1

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Abstract

Repeated shipboard observation sections across the boundary flow off northeastern Brazil as well as acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and current-meter records from a moored boundary array deployed during 2000–04 near 11°S are analyzed here for both the northward warm water flow by the North Brazil Undercurrent (NBUC) above approximately 1100 m and the southward flow of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) underneath. At 5°S, the mean from nine sections yields an NBUC transport of 26.5 ± 3.7 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) along the boundary; at 11°S the mean NBUC transport from five sections is 25.4 ± 7.4 Sv, confirming that the NBUC is already well developed at 11°S. At both latitudes a persistent offshore southward recirculation between 200- and 1100-m depth reduces the net northward warm water flow through the 5°S section (west of 31.5°W) to 22.1 ± 5.3 Sv and through the 11°S section to 21.7 ± 4.1 Sv (west of 32.0°W). The 4-yr-long NBUC transport time series from 11°S yields a seasonal cycle of 2.5 Sv amplitude with its northward maximum in July. Interannual NBUC transport variations are small, varying only by ±1.2 Sv during the four years, with no detectable trend. The southward flow of NADW within the deep western boundary current at 5°S is 25.5 ± 8.3 Sv with an offshore northward recirculation, yielding a nine-section mean of 20.3 ± 10.1 Sv west of 31.5°W. For Antarctic Bottom Water, a net northward flow of 4.4 ± 3.0 Sv is determined at 5°S. For the 11°S section, the moored array data show a pronounced energy maximum at 60–70-day period in the NADW depth range, which was identified in related work as deep eddies translating southward along the boundary. Based on a kinematic eddy model fit to the first half of the moored time series, the mean NADW transfer by the deep eddies at 11°S was estimated to be about 17 Sv. Given the large interannual variability of the deep near-boundary transport time series, which ranged from 14 to 24 Sv, the 11°S mean was considered to be not distinguishable from the mean at 5°S.

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Authors: Schott, F. A., Dengler, M., Zantopp, R., Stramma, L., Fischer, J., & Brandt, P.
Affiliations: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
ORCID: Dengler, Marcus
Zantopp, Rainer
Stramma, Lothar
Fischer, Jürgen
Brandt, Peter
Venue: Journal of Physical Oceanography
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Published: 2005-11-01
Volume: 35
Issue: 11
Pages: 2031-2053
ISSN: 0022-3670 (ISSN-L)
1520-0485
DOI: 10.1175/jpo2813.1
OpenAlex: W1976959491
Cited by: 125
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 2.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Physical Oceanography (publishedVersion)
Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (03F0246A/0)
Universidade de Pernambuco
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry
Keywords: North Atlantic Deep Water, Deep Western Boundary Current, South Atlantic, eddy transport, Antarctic Bottom Water, seasonal cycle, interannual variability

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The shallow and deep western boundary circulation of the South Atlantic at 5°-11°S.

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