Marijuana and hostility in a small-group setting
Abstract
The authors used several indices to assess the relationship between marijuana and hostility as both inner affect and verbal behavior in a small-group setting. Marijuana subjects reported a small but statistically significant decrease in hostile feelings after the introduction of a frustration stimulus. They also showed significantly less verbal hostility than placebo subjects both before and after introduction of a frustration stimulus. The authors note that research findings on marijuana and hostility are not consistent and suggest a multidetermined relationship based on dose, environment, nature of the frustration stimulus, and intraindividual factors.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Acutely intoxicated marijuana users enjoy interacting more and feel more connected and empathetic.
“Acutely intoxicated marijuana users enjoy interacting more and feel more connected and empathetic.16,17”
From Enhancement of anandamide-mediated endocannabinoid signaling corrects autism-related social impairment (2016) · cites this paper as [17]
Human studies have found that marijuana may enhance sociability.
“In addition, human studies have found that marijuana may enhance sociability16,17 and a polymorphism in the CB1 cannabinoid receptor gene modulates social gaze.18”
From Enhancement of anandamide-mediated endocannabinoid signaling corrects autism-related social impairment (2016) · cites this paper as [17]
Cites
A personality scale of manifest anxiety
Taylor, J. A. (1953) · The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0056264 · Cited by 3,131 · see citing works
Clinical and Psychological Effects of Marihuana in Man
Weil, A., Zinberg, N. E., & Nelsen, J. M. (1968) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.162.3859.1234 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Marijuana Intoxication : Common Experiences
TART, C. T. (1970) · Nature · doi:10.1038/226701a0 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Comparison of tetrahydrocannabinol and synhexyl in man
Hollister, L. E., Richards, R. K., & Gillespie, H. K. (1968) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt196896783 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Psychopharmacological activity of the active constituents of hashish and some related cannabinoids
Grunfeld, Y., & Edery, H. (1969) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00404218 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Pharmacological interaction between cannabidiol and ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol
Karniol, I. G., & Carlini, E. A. (1973) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00428793 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Adverse Reactions to Marihuana
Weil, A. (1970) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197004302821803 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Marihuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding
Tonry, M. (1973) · The Yale Law Journal · doi:10.2307/795372 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Chlordiazepoxide-Induced Hostility in a Small Group Setting
Salzman, C. (1974) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760150103015 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationTalbott, J. A. (1969) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1969.03160280039006 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Toxic Effects of Chronic Marihuana Use
Kolansky, H. (1972) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1972.03210010017004 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Bromberg, W. (1934) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.91.2.303 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Group Cohesiveness and the Expression of Hostility
Pepitone, A., & Reichling, G. (1955) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872675500800306 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Jones, R. T. (1971) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1971.tb13995.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Alcohol and Amitriptyline Effects on Skills Related to Driving Behavior
Landauer, A. A., Milner, G., & Patman, J. (1969) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.163.3874.1467 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Effects of Cannabis sativa (marihuana) on the fighting behavior of mice
Santos, M., Sampaio, M. R. P., Fernandes, N. S., et al. (1966) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00406492 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The differential effects of chlordiazepoxide and oxazepam on hostility in a small group setting
Kochansky, G. E., Salzman, C., Shader, R. I., Harmatz, J. S., & Ogeltree, A. M. (1975) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.132.8.861 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationLangner's Psychiatric Impairment Scale: A Short Screening Device
Shader, R. I., Ebert, M. H., & Harmatz, J. S. (1971) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.128.5.596 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationAggressiveness induced by marihuana and other psychotropic drugs in REM sleep deprived rats
Alves, C. N., Goyos, A. C., & Carlini, E. A. (1973) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(73)90097-x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Halikas, J. A. (1971) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1971.03190050148017 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
GENERAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY
Harris, L. S. (1971) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(25)06894-2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Harmatz, J. S. (1972) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1972.01750200012003 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Group Behavior: Verbal Interaction
Babor, T. F., Rossi, A. M., Sagotsky, G., et al. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2112-5_5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
MARIJUANA AND HUMAN AGGRESSION
Tinklenberg, J. R. (1974) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-497050-2.50018-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Becker H. S., Outsiders. Studies in the sociology of deviance.
Tricot, N. (1965) · Persée (Ministère de lEnseignement supérieur et de la Recherche) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cannabinoid treatment for autism: a proof-of-concept randomized trial
Aran, A., Harel, M., Cassuto, H., Polyansky, L., Schnapp, A., Wattad, N., Shmueli, D., Golan, D., & Castellanos, F. X. (2021) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-021-00420-2 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Endocannabinoid signaling mediates oxytocin-driven social reward
Wei, D., Lee, D., Cox, C. D., Karsten, C. A., Peñagarikano, O., Geschwind, D. H., Gall, C. M., & Piomelli, D. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1509795112 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Wei, D., Dinh, D., Lee, D., Li, D., Anguren, A., Moreno-Sanz, G., Gall, C. M., & Piomelli, D. (2016) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2015.0008 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
- Authors
- Salzman, C., van der Kolk, B. A., & Shader, R. I.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1976-09-01
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1029-1033
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W154143914
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Keywords
- cannabis, hostility, frustration, verbal aggression, small group interaction, placebo comparison, dosage effect, environmental factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cannabis, Frustration, Group Processes, Hostility, Humans, Male, Verbal Behavior, Substance-Related Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review