The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gender differences in the course of schizophrenia
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that schizophrenic women experience a less severe course of illness than schizophrenic men. Ninety patients with DSM-III diagnoses of schizophrenia, who were in the early stages of illness, were followed for 10 years with respect to rehospitalizations and length of time in the hospital. Multivariate regression techniques were used to test for gender differences across multiple outcomes. The women experienced fewer rehospitalizations and shorter stays than did the men. These findings were not an artifact of diagnosis. The results suggest that the determinants of gender differences occur during the premorbid period and are manifest early in the development of the disorder.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Establishment of Diagnostic Validity in Psychiatric Illness: Its Application to Schizophrenia
ROBINS, E., & GUZE, S. B. (1970) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.126.7.983 · Cited by 2,243
Longitudinal Studies of Schizophrenic Patients
Huber, G., Gross, G., Schuttler, R., Linz, M., & Clemens, S. (1980) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/6.4.592 · Cited by 439
Three Lectures on Schizophrenia: The Natural History of Schizophrenia in the Long Term
Ciompi, L. (1980) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.136.5.413 · Cited by 370
Sex Difference in Age at Onset of Schizophrenia
Loranger, A. W. (1984) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790130053007 · Cited by 367
A controlled magnetic resonance imaging study of corpus callosum thickness in schizophrenia
Nasrallah, H. A., Andreasen, N. C., Coffman, J. A., Olson, S. C., Dunn, V. D., Ehrhardt, J. C., & Chapman, S. M. (1986) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(86)90048-x · Cited by 284
Premorbid asocial adjustment and prognosis in schizophrenia
Gittelman-Klein, R., & Klein, D. F. (1969) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(69)90010-7 · Cited by 238
Sex, Illness, Illness Behavior, and the Use of Health Services
Mechanic, D. (1976) · Journal of Human Stress · doi:10.1080/0097840x.1976.9936072 · Cited by 215
Watt, D. C., Katz, K., & Shepherd, M. (1983) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700048091 · Cited by 185
Prognostic Implications of the Sex of Schizophrenic Patients
Salokangas, R. (1983) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.142.2.145 · Cited by 160
A Study of "Atypical Schizophrenia"
Tsuang, M. T. (1976) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770100019001 · Cited by 125
Cited by
Prevalence of Substance Abuse in Schizophrenia: Demographic and Clinical Correlates
Mueser, K. T., Yarnold, P. R., Levinson, D. F., Singh, H., Bellack, A. S., Kee, K., Morisson, R. L., & Yadalam, K. G. (1990) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/16.1.31 · Cited by 587
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.5.698 · Cited by 319
Substance use disorders in schizophrenia: review, integration, and a proposed model
Blanchard, J. (2000) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00033-1 · Cited by 240
Goods on which one loses: Women and mental health in China
Pearson, V. (1995) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)00424-r · Cited by 187
Gender differences in the clinical expression of schizophrenia
Shtasel, D. L., Gur, R. E., Gallacher, F., Heimberg, C., & Gur, R. C. (1992) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/0920-9964(92)90016-x · Cited by 176
Metadata
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1988-06
- Volume
- 145
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 684-689
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W1717054933
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 17
- FWCI
- 11.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Gender differences in the course of schizophrenia. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1176/ajp.145.6.684
- The paper
- Gender differences in the course of schizophrenia. (1988). American Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.6.684
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
