The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stressful life events, genetic liability, and onset of an episode of major depression in women
Abstract
Objective This study was undertaken to clarify how genetic liability and stressful life events interact in the etiology of major depression. Method Information about stressful life events and onset of major depressive episodes in the past year was collected in a population-based sample of female-female twin pairs including 2,164 individuals, 53,215 person-months of observation, and 492 onsets of depression. Results Nine "personal" and three aggregate "network" stressful events significantly predicted onset of major depression in the month of occurrence, four of which predicted onset with an odds ratio of > 10 and were termed "severe": death of a close relative, assault, serious marital problems, and divorce/breakup. Genetic liability also had a significant impact on risk of onset of depression. For severe stressful events, as well as for 10 of the 12 individual stressful events, the best-fitting model for the joint effect of stressful events and genetic liability on onset of major depression suggested genetic control of sensitivity to the depression-inducing effects of stressful life events. In individuals at lowest genetic risk (monozygotic twin, co-twin unaffected), the probability of onset of major depression per month was predicted to be 0.5% and 6.2%, respectively, for those unexposed and exposed to a severe event. In those at highest genetic risk (monozygotic twin, co-twin affected), these probabilities were 1.1% and 14.6%, respectively. Linear regression analysis indic…
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“several prior twin studies, assessing a range of environmental adversities, show evidence of increased sensitivity to the depressogenic effects of these environmental exposures in those with high genetic risk”
From The development of an environmental risk score using Swedish National Registers and its impact on subsequent episodes of major depression (2025) · cites this paper as Kendler et al., 1995
In the citing paper
“suggesting that, with respect to MD, genes in part act on liability by altering the sensitivity to the effects of environmental stressors”
From The development of an environmental risk score using Swedish National Registers and its impact on subsequent episodes of major depression (2025) · cites this paper as Kendler et al., 1995
In the citing paper
“Interrater reliability (κ) values for the occurrence and dating of our SLE categories were 0.93 and 0.82, respectively.30”
From Dependent Stressful Life Events and Prior Depressive Episodes in the Prediction of Major Depression (2010) · cites this paper as [30]
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene
Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1083968 · Cited by 8,120
Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease
de Kloet, E. R., Joëls, M., & Holsboer, F. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1683 · Cited by 4,621
Genetic Epidemiology of Major Depression: Review and Meta-Analysis
Sullivan, P. F., Neale, M. C., & Kendler, K. S. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.10.1552 · Cited by 3,431
Self-citationHammen, C. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938 · Cited by 2,979
Maternal Depression and Child Psychopathology: A Meta-Analytic Review
Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Broth, M. R., Hall, C. M., & Heyward, D. (2011) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0080-1 · Cited by 2,621
Metadata
- Authors
- Kendler, K. S., Kessler, R. C., Walters, E. E., MacLean, C. J., Neale, M. C., Heath, A. C., & Eaves, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1995-06-01
- Volume
- 152
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 833-842
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2174681609
- Cited by
- 1,063
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 12.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hd026746-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH040828, MH 40828)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-31564, R01NS031564)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 26746)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, life events, genetic susceptibility, women, monozygotic twins, co-twin control, gene-environment interaction, depression onset, assault, marital problems, divorce, twin pairs
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depressive Disorder, Diseases in Twins, Female, Genotype, Humans, Life Change Events, Probability, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Social Support, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Odds Ratio
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