The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevalence, burden, and treatment of insomnia in primary care
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence, burden, and management of insomnia among primary care patients were evaluated. METHOD: Consecutive patients aged 18 to 65 years in primary care clinics of a staff-model health maintenance organization (N = 1,962) were screened with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. A stratified random sample (N = 373) completed face-to-face diagnostic assessments including the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a brief self-rated disability questionnaire (Brief Disability Questionnaire), and the interviewer-rated Social Disability Schedule. A telephone follow-up survey was completed 3 months later. Use of psychotropic drugs, use of mental health services, and direct health care costs were assessed by using the health plan's automated data systems. RESULTS: Approximately 10% of the primary care patients reported major current insomnia (e.g., taking at least 2 hours to fall asleep nearly every night). Current insomnia was associated with significantly greater functional impairment (according to both Brief Disability Questionnaire and Social Disability Schedule), more days of disability due to health problems, and greater general medical service utilization. While insomnia was associated with depressive disorder and chronic medical illness, adjustment for these factors only partially accounted for the association of insomnia with disability and with health care utilization. Of the patients with current insomnia, 28% received any psychotropic drug; 14% received benzodiazepines and 19% received antidepressants. CONCLUSIONS: Insomnia among primary care patients is associated with greater functional impairment, lost productivity, and excess health care utilization.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For example, there is a huge need for psychological services for the treatment of insomnia, a significant health problem with one third of the adult population reporting symptoms of insomnia and approximately 10% meeting diagnostic criteria for an insomnia disorder [53–56].”
From A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions (2009) · cites this paper as [56]
Citations
Cites
Risk Factors for Falls among Elderly Persons Living in the Community
Tinetti, M. E., Speechley, M. R., & Ginter, S. F. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198812293192604 · Cited by 6,615
The MOS Short-form General Health Survey: Reliability and Validity in a Patient Population
Stewart, A. L., Hays, R. D., & Ware, J. E. (1988) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198807000-00007 · Cited by 3,339
Robins, L. N. (1988) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800360017003 · Cited by 2,909
The functioning and well-being of depressed patients. Results from the Medical Outcomes Study
Wells, K. B. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.262.7.914 · Cited by 2,826
Epidemiologic Study of Sleep Disturbances and Psychiatric Disorders: An Opportunity for Prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430110069030 · Cited by 2,252
The Functioning and Well-being of Depressed Patients: Results From the Medical Outcomes Study
Wells, K. B. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430070062031 · Cited by 2,130 · cited 2×
“This figure is comparable to the excess disability associated with lung disease or diabetes seen in the Medical Outcomes Study (23).”
ResultInsomnia and Its Treatment: Prevalence and Correlates
Mellinger, G. D. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790260019002 · Cited by 1,071
Psychotropic Drug Use and the Risk of Hip Fracture
Ray, W. A., Griffin, M. R., Schaffner, W., Baugh, D. K., & Melton, L. J. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198702123160702 · Cited by 1,006
A chronic disease score from automated pharmacy data
Korff, M. V., Wagner, E. H., & Saunders, K. W. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90016-g · Cited by 962
Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Los Angeles metropolitan area
Bixler, E. O., Kales, A., Soldatos, C. R., Kales, J. D., & Healey, S. (1979) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.136.10.1257 · Cited by 889
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Goldberg DP, 1988, England
- Saunders K, 1994, Pharmacoepidemiology, 171
- Cochran W, 1977, Sampling Techniques
- Simon G, 1995, Mental Illness in General Health Care: An International Study. Edited by Üstün T, Sartorius N., 265
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Morin, C. M., Belleville, G., Bélanger, L., & Ivers, H. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/34.5.601 · Cited by 4,620
The PHQ-15: Validity of a New Measure for Evaluating the Severity of Somatic Symptoms
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200203000-00008 · Cited by 3,415
“Minimal (1–4) 82 (14) 82 (15) 94 (17) 92 (21) 91 (25) 91 (27) 76 (20) 80 (18) 76 (24) 81 (21) 88 (20) 88 (22) Low (5–9) 72 (18) 74 (17) 86 (23) 88 (23) 78 (38) 84 (33) 61 (24) 67 (23) 60 (25) 66 (23) 77 (25) 82 (21) Medium (10–14) 61 (21) 63 (20) 71 (31) 78 (29) 55 (45) 74 (40) 45 (24) 53 (25) 44 (23) 54 (24) 64 (28)…”
Mortality Associated With Sleep Duration and Insomnia
Kripke, D. F., Garfinkel, L., Wingard, D. L., Klauber, M. R., & Marler, M. R. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.2.131 · Cited by 1,614
“Moreover, some studies indicate that primary insomnia causes no substantial impairment of function.(1,11) For example, patients with insomnia may have no demonstrable loss of daytime alertness.”
BackgroundInsomnia: Definition, Prevalence, Etiology, and Consequences
Roth, T. G. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.26929 · Cited by 1,539
The effects of physical activity on sleep: A meta-analytic review
Kredlow, M. A., Capozzoli, M. C., Hearon, B. A., Calkins, A. W., & Otto, M. W. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-015-9617-6 · Cited by 1,333
“Sleep problems are associated with poorer quality of life, as well as mental and physical health issues (Kripke et al., 2002; Simon & VonKorff, 1997).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Simon, G. E., & VonKorff, M.
- Affiliations
- Group Health Cooperative (US)
- ORCID
- Gregory E. Simon
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1997-10-01
- Volume
- 154
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1417-1423
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W1273834102
- Cited by
- 694
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 13.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r03mh047765-01)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-47765)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- insomnia, prevalence, functional disability, disability, health care utilization, psychotropic drug use, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, depressive disorders, chronic disease, productivity loss, primary care patients, health maintenance organizations
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Chronic Disease, Disability Evaluation, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Maintenance Organizations, Health Status, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Primary Health Care, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotropic Drugs, Severity of Illness Index, Telephone, Comorbidity, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
