The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevalence, burden, and treatment of insomnia in primary care
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence, burden, and management of insomnia among primary care patients were evaluated. METHOD: Consecutive patients aged 18 to 65 years in primary care clinics of a staff-model health maintenance organization (N = 1,962) were screened with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. A stratified random sample (N = 373) completed face-to-face diagnostic assessments including the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a brief self-rated disability questionnaire (Brief Disability Questionnaire), and the interviewer-rated Social Disability Schedule. A telephone follow-up survey was completed 3 months later. Use of psychotropic drugs, use of mental health services, and direct health care costs were assessed by using the health plan's automated data systems. RESULTS: Approximately 10% of the primary care patients reported major current insomnia (e.g., taking at least 2 hours to fall asleep nearly every night). Current insomnia was associated with significantly greater functional impairment (according to both Brief Disability Questionnaire and Social Disability Schedule), more days of disability due to health problems, and greater general medical service utilization. While insomnia was associated with depressive disorder and chronic medical illness, adjustment for these factors only partially accounted for the association of insomnia with disability and with health care utilization. Of the patients with current insomnia, 28% received any psychotropic drug; 14% received benzodiazepines and 19% received antidepressants. CONCLUSIONS: Insomnia among primary care patients is associated with greater functional impairment, lost productivity, and excess health care utilization.
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“For example, there is a huge need for psychological services for the treatment of insomnia, a significant health problem with one third of the adult population reporting symptoms of insomnia and approximately 10% meeting diagnostic criteria for an insomnia disorder [53–56].”
From A Behavior Change Model for Internet Interventions (2009) · cites this paper as [56]
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Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P. R., Kasen, S., First, M. B., & Brook, J. S. (2004) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.158.6.562 · Cited by 188
“Sleep disorders have been found to be associated with depressed mood; difficulty concentrating; drowsiness; impaired memory; and impaired cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, interpersonal, occupational, psychomotor, and metabolic functioning.(47,49-59) Drowsiness and psychomotor impairment associated with insomnia and…”
BackgroundEffects of moderate aerobic exercise training on chronic primary insomnia
Passos, G. S., Poyares, D., Santana, M. G., D’Aurea, C. V. R., Youngstedt, S. D., Tufik, S., & de Mello, M. T. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2011.02.007 · Cited by 182
“…of moderate aerobic exercise training on chronic primary insomnia Giselle Soares Passos a, Dalva Poyares a, Marcos Gonçalves Santana b, Carolina Vicaria Rodrigues D’Aurea a, Shawn D. Youngstedt d,e, Sergio Tufik a,c, Marco Túlio de Mello a,c,⇑ a Department of Psychobiology,…”
BackgroundInternational Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation
Tower, K. (2010) · Cited by 173
The Long-term Effect of Insomnia on Work Disability
Sivertsen, B., Øverland, S. N., Neckelmann, D., Glozier, N., Krokstad, S., Pallesen, S., Nordhus, I. H., Bjorvatn, B., & Mykletun, A. (2006) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj145 · Cited by 176
Physical exercise for sleep problems in adults aged 60+
Montgomery, P., & Dennis, J. A. (2002) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003404 · Cited by 173
The GABAergic system as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease
Guzmán, B. C., Vinnakota, C., Govindpani, K., Waldvogel, H. J., Faull, R. L. M., & Kwakowsky, A. (2018) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.14345 · Cited by 172
Measuring outcomes in randomized clinical trials of insomnia treatments
Morin, C. M. (2003) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0274 · Cited by 172
The relationship between chronically disrupted sleep and healthcare use
(2002) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/25.3.289 · Cited by 169
Psychological treatment for insomnia in the regulation of long-term hypnotic drug use
Morgan, K., Dixon, S., Mathers, N., Thompson, J., & Tomeny, M. (2004) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta8080 · Cited by 166
Epidemiology of Insomnia in Korean Adults: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Cho, Y., Shin, W., Chang, H.-Y., Hong, S.-B., Kim, J., & Earley, C. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.3988/jcn.2009.5.1.20 · Cited by 165
Treating insomnia: Current and investigational pharmacological approaches
Ebert, B., Wafford, K. A., & Deacon, S. (2006) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.04.014 · Cited by 169
Antidepressants and the placebo effect
Kirsch, I. (2014) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000176 · Cited by 164
“If that is the case, then the mere promise of an effective treatment should help to alleviate depression, by replacing hopelessness with hopefulness – the hope that one will recover after all.”
BackgroundEffect of sleep apnea on cognition and mood
El-Ad, B., & Lavie, P. (2005) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260500104508 · Cited by 166
Efficacy of two behavioral treatment programs for comorbid geriatric insomnia.
Rybarczyk, B. D., Lopez, M., Benson, R., Alsten, C. R., & Stepanski, E. J. (2002) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.17.2.288 · Cited by 162
Plante, D. T., Jensen, J. E., Schoerning, L., & Winkelman, J. W. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.4 · Cited by 161
Insomnia in Patients With Depression: A STAR*D Report
Sunderajan, P., Gaynes, B. N., Wisniewski, S. R., Miyahara, S., D, M. F. M., Akingbala, F., DeVeaugh-Geiss, J., Rush, A. J., & Trivedi, M. H. (2010) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900029266 · Cited by 157
Morin, C. M., Koetter, U., Bastien, C., Ware, J. C., & Wooten, V. (2005) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.11.1465 · Cited by 190
“Exclusion criteria were (1) disease that could affect the action of the study medication; (2) current or past history of serious, severe, or unstable physical (eg, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, thyroid disease) or psychiatric illness (eg, major depression, generalized anxie…”
BackgroundPeterson, M. J., & Benca, R. M. (2006) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2006.09.003 · Cited by 164
Insomnia in HIV Infection: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Correlates, and Management
Reid, S., & Dwyer, J. L. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000151771.46127.df · Cited by 153
“Insomnia has been described in all stages of HIV-related illness, and may lead to chronic fatigue, reduced physical and social functioning, and an overall reduction in quality of life (3).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialStepanski, E. J., & Perlis, M. L. (2000) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00171-9 · Cited by 151
Prospective Associations of Insomnia Markers and Symptoms With Depression
Szklo‐Coxe, M., Young, T. B., Peppard, P. E., Finn, L. A., & Benca, R. M. (2010) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwp454 · Cited by 151
Insomnia and Absenteeism at Work. Who Pays the Cost?
Godet-Cayré, V., Pelletier‐Fleury, N., Vaillant, M. L., Dinet, J., Massuel, M.-A., & Léger, D. (2006) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.2.179 · Cited by 150
“, back pain, depression, alcohol abuse)16; and (3) costs of insomnia reflected”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Simon, G. E., & VonKorff, M.
- Affiliations
- Group Health Cooperative (US)
- ORCID
- Gregory E. Simon
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1997-10-01
- Volume
- 154
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1417-1423
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W1273834102
- Cited by
- 694
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 13.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r03mh047765-01)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-47765)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- insomnia, prevalence, functional disability, disability, health care utilization, psychotropic drug use, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, depressive disorders, chronic disease, productivity loss, primary care patients, health maintenance organizations
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Chronic Disease, Disability Evaluation, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Maintenance Organizations, Health Status, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Primary Health Care, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotropic Drugs, Severity of Illness Index, Telephone, Comorbidity, Prevalence
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