The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: While several studies have shown that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for generalized anxiety disorder, few studies have addressed the outcome of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, even though this treatment is widely used. The aim of this study was to compare short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and CBT with regard to treatment outcome in generalized anxiety disorder. METHOD: Patients with generalized anxiety disorder according to DSM-IV were randomly assigned to receive either CBT (N=29) or short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (N=28). Treatments were carried out according to treatment manuals and included up to 30 weekly sessions. The primary outcome measure was the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, which was applied by trained raters blind to the treatment conditions. Assessments were carried out at the completion of treatment and 6 months afterward. RESULTS: Both CBT and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy yielded significant, large, and stable improvements with regard to symptoms of anxiety and depression. No significant differences in outcome were found between treatments in regard to the primary outcome measure. These results were corroborated by two self-report measures of anxiety. In measures of trait anxiety, worry, and depression, however, CBT was found to be superior. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that CBT and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy are beneficial for patients with generalized anxiety disorder. In future research, large-scale multicenter studies should examine more subtle differences between treatments, including differences in the patients who benefit most from each form of therapy.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, several studies compared cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with other treatments for generalized anxiety disorders and found greater improvements in stress and anxiety symptoms from CBT.”
From Efficacy of Seren@ctif, a computer-based stress management program for patients with adjustment disorder with anxiety: Protocol for a controlled trial (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“A study comparing psychodynamic psychotherapy with CBT found a greater improvement in the symptoms of stress and anxiety for the CBT intervention (a posttreatment progression of STAI-T trait subscale scores from 58.83 to 43.41 and of PSWQ scores from 63.48 to 49.86 in this group) [7].”
From Efficacy of Seren@ctif, a computer-based stress management program for patients with adjustment disorder with anxiety: Protocol for a controlled trial (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Two clinical studies with patients with generalized anxiety disorder, 1 comparing CBT with relaxation [61] and the other comparing CBT with brief psychodynamic psychotherapy [62], showed changes in the STAI-T scores of 7 and 16, respectively.”
From Efficacy of Seren@ctif, a computer-based stress management program for patients with adjustment disorder with anxiety: Protocol for a controlled trial (2017) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“Previous studies of STPP adapting the approach of Luborsky et al. [8,14] found no sex differences regarding treatment response [9].”
From Efficacy of psychodynamic short-term psychotherapy for depressed breast cancer patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“There has been increasing evidence supporting individual supportive-expressive psychotherapy as an effective short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) for various mental disorders such as depression [8], generalized anxiety [9] and social phobia [10].”
From Efficacy of psychodynamic short-term psychotherapy for depressed breast cancer patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Supportive-expressive psychotherapy has proven a robust model of short-term treatment for a diverse range of mental disorders.”
From Efficacy of psychodynamic short-term psychotherapy for depressed breast cancer patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as [9]
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales
Cohen, J. (1960) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446002000104 · Cited by 42,398
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,766
An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.893 · Cited by 14,407
The assessment of anxiety states by rating
HAMILTON, M. (1959) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x · Cited by 11,455
Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire
Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6 · Cited by 5,099
Defining empirically supported therapies.
Chambless, D. L., & Hollon, S. D. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.1.7 · Cited by 3,067 · cited 1×
“As shown in several studies and meta-analyses (4–7), cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an efficacious and specific treatment for generalized anxiety disorder, according to the definition of efficacy by Chambless and Hollon (8).”
BackgroundEmpirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence
Chambless, D. L., & Ollendick, T. H. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.685 · Cited by 2,097
Brown, T. A., Campbell, L. A., Lehman, C. L., Grisham, J. R., & Mancill, R. B. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.585 · Cited by 1,562
Borkovec, T. D., Newman, M. G., Pincus, A. L., & Lytle, R. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.2.288 · Cited by 565
Di Nardo, P. A. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820160009001 · Cited by 498
Empirically supported individual and group psychological treatments for adult mental disorders
DeRubeis, R. J., & Crits-Christoph, P. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.1.37 · Cited by 486
Fresco, D. M., Frankel, A. N., Mennin, D. S., Turk, C. L., & Heimberg, R. G. (2002) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1014517718949 · Cited by 456
Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders.
Chambless, D. L., & Gillis, M. M. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.61.2.248 · Cited by 437
Quantification of Agreement in Psychiatric Diagnosis Revisited
Shrout, P. E. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800140084013 · Cited by 345
A meta-analysis of CBT for pathological worry among clients with GAD
Covin, R., Ouimet, A. J., Seeds, P. M., & Dozois, D. J. A. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.01.002 · Cited by 293
Durham, R. C., Murphy, T., Allan, T., Richard, K., Treliving, L. R., & Fenton, G. W. (1994) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315 · Cited by 190
Efficacy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorders
Linden, M., Zubraegel, D., Baer, T., Franke, U., & Schlattmann, P. (2005) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000082025 · Cited by 142
Dynamic Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I)
Barber, J. P., & Crits-Christoph, P. F. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 139
Barber, J., & Critis-Christoph, P. (1996) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503309612331331608 · Cited by 133
Cognitive specificity of anxiety disorders: a review of selected key constructs
Starcevic, V., & Berle, D. (2006) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20145 · Cited by 121
Interpersonal Subtypes Within Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Salzer, S., Pincus, A. L., Hoyer, J., Kreische, R., Leichsenring, F., & Leibing, E. (2008) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890701885076 · Cited by 90
Self-citationCrits-Christoph, P. F., Connolly, M. B., Azarian, K., Crits-Christoph, K., & Shappell, S. (1996) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.33.3.418 · Cited by 87
Psychoanalytisch-orientierte Fokaltherapie der generalisierten Angststörung
Leichsenring, F., Winkelbach, C., & Leibing, E. (2005) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-005-0419-0 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- 10.1037/0021-843X.110.4.585 · DOI · Paper page
- Barlow D, Raffa SD, Cohen EM: Psychosocial treatments for panic disorders, phobias, and generalized anxiety disorder, in A Guide to Treatments That Work. Edited by Nathan PE, Gorman JM. New York,Oxford University Press, 2002, pp301-335
- Smith ML, 1980, Glass GV
- Luborsky L, 1984, Principles of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: A Manual for Supportive-Expressive (SE) Treatment
- 10.1037/0022-006X.61.2.248 · DOI
- Crits-Christoph P, 2005, Training, 42, 211
- Wittchen H-U, 1997, Goettingen
- Sass H, 2000, Zaudig M: Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual Psychischer Störungen DSM-IV [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV]
- Leibing E, Winkelbach C, Leichsenring F: Die Generalisierte Angststörung: Darstellung eines kognitiv-behavioralen Behandlungsmanuals [Generalized anxiety disorder: a cognitive-behavioral treatment manual]. Verhaltenstherapie und psychosoziale Praxis 2003; 35:517-529
- Borkovec TD, 2001, J Clin Psychiatry, 62, 37
- Freud S, 1955, Complete Psychological Works, standard ed, vol 17., 157
- Spielberger CD, 1970, Gorsuch RC
- Horowitz LM, 2000, Wiggins JS
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., Van Ameringen, M., & the Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-s1-s1 · Cited by 1,090
“found that short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy was as effective as CBT in improving anxiety scores, but CBT was superior on measures of worry and depression [537].”
BackgroundA systematic review of personality trait change through intervention.
Roberts, B. W., Luo, J., Briley, D. A., Chow, P. I., Su, R., & Hill, P. L. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000088 · Cited by 1,047
Baldwin, D. S., Anderson, I. M., Nutt, D. J., Allgulander, C., Bandelow, B., den Boer, J. A., Christmas, D. M., Davies, S., Fineberg, N., Lidbetter, N., et al. (2014) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114525674 · Cited by 676
Psychological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis
Cuijpers, P., Sijbrandij, M., Koole, S., Huibers, M., Berking, M., & Andersson, G. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.01.002 · Cited by 527
Schiffer, F., Johnston, A. L., Ravichandran, C. T., Polcari, A. M., Teicher, M. H., Webb, R. H., & Hamblin, M. R. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-46 · Cited by 327
Metadata
- Authors
- Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Jaeger, U., Kächele, H., Kreische, R., Leweke, F., Rüger, U., Winkelbach, C., & Leibing, E.
- Affiliations
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 166
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 875-881
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2169984587
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 24.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, short-term dynamic psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment outcome comparison, anxiety symptoms, depression, trait anxiety, worry
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Patient Dropouts, Personality Inventory, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Psychotherapy, Brief, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
