The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA): Week 24 Outcomes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to report on the outcome of participants in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) trial after 24 weeks of treatment, including remission and relapse rates and predictors of treatment outcome. METHOD: Adolescents (ages 12-18 years) with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-resistant depression were randomly assigned to either a medication switch alone (alternate SSRI or venlafaxine) or a medication switch plus cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). At week 12, responders could continue in their assigned treatment arm and nonresponders received open treatment (medication and/or CBT) for 12 more weeks (24 weeks total). The primary outcomes were remission and relapse, defined by the Adolescent Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation as rated by an independent evaluator. RESULTS: Of 334 adolescents enrolled in the study, 38.9% achieved remission by 24 weeks, and initial treatment assignment did not affect rates of remission. Likelihood of remission was much higher (61.6% versus 18.3%) and time to remission was much faster among those who had already demonstrated clinical response by week 12. Remission was also higher among those with lower baseline depression, hopelessness, and self-reported anxiety. At week 12, lower depression, hopelessness, anxiety, suicidal ideation, family conflict, and absence of comorbid dysthymia, anxiety, and drug/alcohol use and impairment also predicted remission. Of those who responded by week 12, 19.6% had a relapse of depression by week 24. CONCLUSIONS: Continued treatment for depression among treatment-resistant adolescents results in remission in approximately one-third of patients, similar to adults. Eventual remission is evident within the first 6 weeks in many, suggesting that earlier intervention among nonresponders could be important.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Blinding of partici- pants/care providers | High risk | 'Participants were blind to medication type'. NB: unlikely that participants were blind if receiving adjunctive CBT treatment. pg. 785 (Emslie 2010)”
From Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · cites this paper as Emslie 2010
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Blinding of outcome as- | Low risk | 'independent evaluators were blind to medication type. Independent evalua- tors were also blind to CBT treatment'”
From Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · cites this paper as Emslie 2010
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“NB: 'In 64 cases, the blinding of the independent evaluator was compromised, most commonly because of participant disclosure of receiving CBT'. pg. 785 (Emslie 2010)”
From Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · cites this paper as Emslie 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Statistical Analysis With Missing Data
Lahiff, M., Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289883 · Cited by 17,385
Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Carbin, M. G. (1988) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5 · Cited by 11,696
KAUFMAN, J., BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D., RAO, U., FLYNN, C., MORECI, P., WILLIAMSON, D., & RYAN, N. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021 · Cited by 10,148
Self-citation(1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8,899
Statistical Analysis with Missing Data
Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (2002) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9781119013563 · Cited by 8,473
Rush, A. J., Trivedi, M. H., Wisniewski, S. R., Nierenberg, A. A., Stewart, J. W., Warden, D., Niederehe, G., Thase, M. E., Lavori, P. W., Lebowitz, B. D., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.11.1905 · Cited by 5,643
The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale
Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037562 · Cited by 5,494
A Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)
Shaffer, D. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010 · Cited by 3,716 · cited 2×
“A Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS).”
MethodBIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D. A., CHIAPPETTA, L., BRIDGE, J., MONGA, S., & BAUGHER, M. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011 · Cited by 2,252
Self-citationECDEU Assessment Manual: (591322011-001)
Guy, W. (1976) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e591322011-001 · Cited by 1,896
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Asarnow JR, 2009, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 48, 330
- 1994, American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed (DSM–IV)
- Asarnow JR, 2009, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 48, 330
- Thase ME, 2008, Psychopharmacol Bull, 41, 58
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–217 of 217
Chapter 5. Major Depressive Disorder
Birmaher, B. B., & Rengasamy, M. L. (2023) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375332.lg05
Self-citationChapter 5. Major Depressive Disorder
Birmaher, B. B. (2017) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615371266.lg05
Self-citationEmslie, G. J., Kennard, B. D., Baltrusaitis, K., Jones, S. M., Jones, J. M., Deville, J. G., Pitts, K., Shapiro, D. E., Eliscu, A. H., & Brown, L. K. (2025) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/10445463251392767
“These guidelines provide a structured, evidence-based algorithm for managing the medication treatment of depressed youth (Emslie et al., 2010; Hughes et al., 2007).”
Self-citationMood Disorders in Young People
McCulloch, A., Adams, S., Sharma, A., & Dubicka, B. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009110266.013
Pre-treatment brain morphology predicts symptom-specific outcomes in paediatric emotional disorders
Hua, C., Liu, W., Liu, Z., Ma, C., Hu, Z., Ding, Y., Yaoma, K., Song, J., Sun, Y., Zhang, F., et al. (2025) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104797
Baten, C., Zamora, G., Klassen, A. M., Rackley, J., Nimarko, A. F., Woo, E., Keller, A. S., Hamilton, J. P., Hedges, D. W., Sacchet, M. D., et al. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.01.001 · Cited by 1
Sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve adolescent depression: A pragmatic clinical trial
He, Y., Xian, Y., Li, X., Qiu, T., Jiang, X., Wang, T., Wen, Y., Qin, B., Teng, T., Li, Y., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121511
Shin, J., Lee, K. H., & Kim, J.-W. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121567
Velez, G. E., Peist, E. A., & Yaqub, T. M. (2026) · American Academy of PediatricsItasca, IL eBooks · doi:10.1542/9781610028493-ch15
ESKETAMINE AND DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION IN TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Wiśniewska, J., Wiśniewski, M., Buczek, W., Bartnik, P., Barzyk, K., & Pietrzak, M. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.5003
Lee, H., Castillo, W. C., Rose, R. A., Reeves, G. M., Qato, D. M., & dosReis, S. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122057
Shen, X., & Yan, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2026.1848435
“Notably, TRD may mask an unrecognized bipolar diathesis, with red flags such as family history of bipolar disorder, early onset, and psychotic features complicating differential diagnosis (Dauchot et al., 2024; Emslie et al., 2010; Menculini et al., 2024; Strawn et al., 2020).”
Hugunin, J., Emslie, G. J., Kennard, B., Elwy, A. R., Barker, D., Arnold, T. L., Dougherty, Q. H., Whiteley, L., & Brown, L. K. (2026) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-026-01528-w
Self-citationClinical characterization of mixed manic features in depressed adolescents without bipolar disorder
Diler, R. S., Merranko, J. A., Birmaher, B. B., Gonçalves, S. F., & Ladouceur, C. D. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122367
Self-citationSepe-Forrest, L., Meraz, R., Chang, Z., Morse, M., Froehlich, T. E., D'Onofrio, B. M., & Quinn, P. D. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122386
Depression and Depressive Disorder
(2026) · American Academy of PediatricsItasca, IL eBooks · doi:10.1542/9781610029223-ch11
Metadata
- Authors
- Emslie, G. J., Mayes, T., Porta, G., Vitiello, B., Clarke, G., Wagner, K. D., Asarnow, J. R., Spirito, A., Birmaher, B., Ryan, N., Kennard, B., DeBar, L., McCracken, J., Strober, M., Onorato, M., Zelazny, J., Keller, M., Iyengar, S., & Brent, D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Suburban Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2010-07-01
- Volume
- 167
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 782-791
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC3257891
- OpenAlex
- W2140498388
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 12.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH61958, U01MH061856, MH-66371, U01MH061835, U01MH061869, MH-61869, U01MH062014, MH61856, MH-61835, MH61864, U01MH061958, P30MH066371, U01MH061864, MH62014)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- treatment-resistant depression, adolescent depression, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, venlafaxine, cognitive behavioral therapy, remission, relapse, predictors of treatment outcome, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, family conflict, anxiety comorbidity, early intervention
- MeSH terms
- Venlafaxine Hydrochloride, Adolescent, Combined Modality Therapy, Cyclohexanols, Depressive Disorder, Female, Fluoxetine, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Remission Induction, Time Factors, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Failure, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
