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Cortical Abnormalities Associated With Pediatric and Adult Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Findings From the ENIGMA Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group
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OBJECTIVE: Brain imaging studies of structural abnormalities in OCD have yielded inconsistent results, partly because of limited statistical power, clinical heterogeneity, and methodological differences. The authors conducted meta- and mega-analyses comprising the largest study of cortical morphometry in OCD ever undertaken. METHOD: -weighted MRI scans of 1,905 OCD patients and 1,760 healthy controls from 27 sites worldwide were processed locally using FreeSurfer to assess cortical thickness and surface area. Effect sizes for differences between patients and controls, and associations with clinical characteristics, were calculated using linear regression models controlling for age, sex, site, and intracranial volume. RESULTS: In adult OCD patients versus controls, we found a significantly lower surface area for the transverse temporal cortex and a thinner inferior parietal cortex. Medicated adult OCD patients also showed thinner cortices throughout the brain. In pediatric OCD patients compared with controls, we found significantly thinner inferior and superior parietal cortices, but none of the regions analyzed showed significant differences in surface area. However, medicated pediatric OCD patients had lower surface area in frontal regions. Cohen's d effect sizes varied from -0.10 to -0.33. CONCLUSIONS: The parietal cortex was consistently implicated in both adults and children with OCD. More widespread cortical thickness abnormalities were found in medicated adult OCD patients, and more pronounced surface area deficits (mainly in frontal regions) were found in medicated pediatric OCD patients. These cortical measures represent distinct morphological features and may be differentially affected during different stages of development and illness, and possibly moderated by disease profile and medication.
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“Additionally, we did not assess potential effects of medication status (Boedhoe et al., 2018) or duration of illness (Nakao et al., 2009) in the included OCD samples.”
From Inhibitory control in obsessive compulsive disorder: a systematic review and activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (2022) · cites this paper as Boedhoe et al., 2018
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Metadata
- Authors
- Boedhoe, P. S. W., Schmaal, L., Abe, Y., Alonso, P., Ameis, S. H., Anticevic, A., Arnold, P. D., Batistuzzo, M. C., Benedetti, F., Beucke, J. C., Bollettini, I., Bose, A., Brem, S., Calvo, A., Calvo, R., Cheng, Y., Cho, K. I. K., Ciullo, V., Dallaspezia, S., Denys, D., Feusner, J. D., Fitzgerald, K. D., Fouche, J.-P., Fridgeirsson, E. A., Gruner, P., Hanna, G. L., Hibar, D. P., Hoexter, M. Q., Hu, H., Huyser, C., Jahanshad, N., James, A., Kathmann, N., Kaufmann, C., Koch, K., Kwon, J. S., Lazaro, L., Lochner, C., Marsh, R., Martínez-Zalacaín, I., Mataix-Cols, D., Menchón, J. M., Minuzzi, L., Morer, A., Nakamae, T., Nakao, T., Narayanaswamy, J. C., Nishida, S., Nurmi, E., O’Neill, J., Piacentini, J., Piras, F., Piras, F., Reddy, Y. C. J., Reess, T. J., Sakai, Y., Sato, J. R., Simpson, H. B., Soreni, N., Soriano-Mas, C., Spalletta, G., Stevens, M. C., Szeszko, P. R., Tolin, D. F., van Wingen, G. A., Venkatasubramanian, G., Walitza, S., Wang, Z., Yun, J.-Y., ENIGMA-OCD Working Group, Thompson, P. M., Stein, D. J., van den Heuvel, O. A., Boedhoe, P. S. W., Schmaal, L., Abe, Y., Alonso, P., Ameis, S. H., Anticevic, A., Arnold, P. D., Bargalló, N., Batistuzzo, M. C., Benedetti, F., Beucke, J. C., Bollettini, I., Bose, A., Brandeis, D., Brem, S., Buimer, E., Busatto, G. F., Calvo, A., Calvo, R., Cheng, Y., Cho, K. I. K., Ciullo, V., Dallaspezia, S., de Vries, F. E., de Wit, S. J., Denys, D., Drechsler, R., Falini, A., Fang, Y., Feusner, J. D., Figee, M., Fitzgerald, K. D., Fontaine, M., Fouche, J.-P., Fridgeirsson, E. A., Gruner, P., Hanna, G. L., Hauser, T. U., Hibar, D. P., Hoexter, M. Q., Hu, H., Huyser, C., Iorio, M., Jahanshad, N., James, A., Kathmann, N., Kaufmann, C., Khadka, S., Koch, K., Kwon, J. S., Lazaro, L., Liu, Y., Lochner, C., Marsh, R., Martínez-Zalacaín, I., Mataix-Cols, D., McCracken, J. T., Menchón, J. M., Miguel, E. C., Minuzzi, L., Morer, A., Nakamae, T., Nakao, T., Narayanaswamy, J. C., Narumoto, J., Nishida, S., Nurmi, E., O’Neill, J., Pariente, J. C., Piacentini, J., Pittenger, C., Piras, F., Piras, F., Poletti, S., Reddy, Y. C. J., Reess, T. J., Rus, O. G., Sakai, Y., Sato, J. R., Simpson, H. B., Soreni, N., Soriano-Mas, C., Spalletta, G., Stevens, M. C., Szeszko, P. R., Tang, J., Tolin, D. F., van der Werf, Y. D., van Wingen, G. A., Vecchio, D., Veltman, D. J., Venkatasubramanian, G., Walitza, S., Wang, Z., Watanabe, A., Xu, J., Xu, X., Yamada, K., Yun, J.-Y., Zarei, M., Zhao, Q., Thompson, P. M., Stein, D. J., & van den Heuvel, O. A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2018-05-01
- Volume
- 175
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 453-462
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC7106947
- OpenAlex
- W2608867270
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 23.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW)) (submittedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- Yale University
- University of Southern California
- International OCD Foundation
- Hamilton Health Sciences
- Tourette Association of America
- Sunovion
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (U54 EB020403)
- Wellcome Trust (EU-FP7-, 500236/Z/11/Z, U54 EB020403, 064846, /Z/11/Z)
- Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments
- Palo Alto Health Sciences
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
- Universidade Federal do ABC
- University of Cambridge
- University of Oxford
- South African Medical Research Council
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (BT/06/IYBA/2012., 500236/ Z/11/Z)
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (IFA 12-LSBM 26, /PR13334/Med/30/259/2009, SR/S0/HS/0016/2011, IFA-12)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (U54 EB020403, KO 3744/2-1)
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (26461753)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (130237, 320030)
- Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen
- ZonMw (907-00-012, 920-03-542)
- Universiteit van Amsterdam
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (U54 EB020403)
- Seoul National University
- Ministero della Salute
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (916-86-038, 912-02-050, 907-00-012, 916.86.036, 940-37-018, 917-15-318, 920-03-542)
- University of Toronto
- Kunming Medical University
- Karolinska Institutet
- Seoul National University Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Universidade de São Paulo
- Technische Universität München
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Hospital for Sick Children
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Universität Zürich
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental
- University of Cape Town
- NOMIS Stiftung
- The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance (500236/Z/11/Z)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Servier
- Olga Mayenfisch Stiftung
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi
- Amsterdam Neuroscience
- Hamilton Health Sciences Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (12-13)
- University of California, Los Angeles (U54 EB020403)
- Allergan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
- Pfizer Pharmaceuticals
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Medical Research Council (U54 EB020403, EU FP7)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (26461753)
- Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2014 SGR 1672)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI13/01958, PI14/00413, PI14/, PI13/00918, PI040829, CP10/00604)
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- European Regional Development Fund (PI14/00413, PI13/01958)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH101163, R01MH085900, R01MH074934, R01MH081864, R21MH110865, K23MH115206)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U54EB020403)
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
- Cilag
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- obsessive-compulsive disorder, cortical thickness, cortical surface area, parietal cortex, pediatric OCD, medication effects, brain morphometry, brain development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Parietal Lobe, Reference Values, Temporal Lobe, Age of Onset, Young Adult
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