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Apathy: Why Care?
Abstract
This review presents data showing that apathy is common across a number of disorders. Apathy is not only common, but is also associated with significant problems: reduced functional level, decreased response to treatment, poor illness outcome, caregiver distress, and chronicity. Preliminary evidence of treatment efficacy exists for dopaminergic drugs and for amphetamines. Strong evidence of efficacy exists for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease, and for atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia. Frontal-subcortical system(s) dysfunction is implicated in the causation of apathy; apathy subtypes based on the various frontal-subcortical loops may thus exist. Further research involving diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment is suggested.
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“Concerning apathy, it is the case that limbic-frontal-subcortical circuits are frequently implicated in the pathophysiology of this condition in clinical populations (van Reekum et al., 2005; Kos et al., 2016).”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as van Reekum et al., 2005
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References 113 · Cited by 360
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Thomas P, Clement JP, Hazif-Thomas C, et al: Family, Alzheimer’s disease and negative symptoms. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 16:192–202 · doi:10.1002/1099-1166(200102)16:2<192::aid-gps301>3.0.co;2-y
- Aarsland D, Cummings JL, Larsen JP: Neuropsychiatric differences between Parkinson’s disease with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 16:184–191 · doi:10.1002/1099-1166(200102)16:2<184::aid-gps304>3.0.co;2-k
- Ghika-Schmid F, Bogousslavsky J: The acute behavioral syndrome of anterior thalamic infarction: a prospective study of 12 cases. Ann Neurol 2000; 48:220–227 · doi:10.1002/1531-8249(200008)48:2<220::aid-ana12>3.0.co;2-m
- Rapoport MJ, van Reekum R, Freedman M, et al: Relationship of psychosis to aggression, apathy and function in dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 16:123–130 · doi:10.1002/1099-1166(200102)16:2<123::aid-gps260>3.3.co;2-t
Metadata
- Authors
- van Reekum, R., Stuss, D. T., & Ostrander, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- ORCID
- Stuss, Donald T.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
- Published
- 2005-02
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-19
- ISSN
- 0895-0172 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7222
- OpenAlex
- W2165387222
- Cited by
- 360
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 7.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuropsychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- apathy, functional disability, treatment response, disease outcome, caregiver distress, chronicity, dopaminergic therapy, amphetamine, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, Alzheimer's disease, atypical antipsychotics, schizophrenia, pathophysiology, diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Cognition Disorders, Empathy, Humans, Motivation
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Apathy: Why Care? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1176/jnp.17.1.7
- The paper
- van Reekum, R., Stuss, D. T., & Ostrander, L. (2005). Apathy: Why Care? The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.17.1.7
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
