Trauma-Focused, Present-Centered, Emotional Self-Regulation Approach to Integrated Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress and Addiction: Trauma Adaptive Recovery Group Education and Therapy (TARGET)
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We describe the rationale and procedures for a trauma-focused, present-centered, emotion self-regulation modelfor concurrent treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders: Trauma Adaptive Recovery Group Education and Therapy (TARGET). Based on a review of the clinical and research literatures relevant to models of psychotherapy for co-occurring PTSD and addiction, we develop a conceptual model and describe a skill set that has been operationalized in TARGET. Clinical vignettes with challenging cases are provided to illustrate the application of the TARGET model in individual and group psychotherapy of co-occurring PTSD and addiction.
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Recommended treatments for adverse life experiences are generally trauma-focused psychotherapies that reduce PTSD symptomology, improve self-esteem and build healthy emotional responses and interpersonal skills.
“Recommended treatments for ALEs are generally trauma-focused psychotherapies that reduce PTSD symptomology, improve self-esteem and build healthy emotional responses and interpersonal skills [16–19].”
From Health care utilisation changes among Alaska Native adults after participation in an indigenous community programme to address adverse life experiences: a propensity score-matched analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [17]
The ‘Key Differences Among Treatment Models for Co-Occurring PTSD and SUD’ section says PTSD therapies aim to develop self-worth and healthy relationships, and that interventions include affect-regulation and social problem-solving skills. The ‘Psychotherapy Approaches for PTSD and Addiction’ section reports evidence for CBT in treating PTSD. The paper addresses PTSD, particularly alongside substance-use disorder, but does not establish that trauma-focused psychotherapy is generally recommended for all adverse life experiences or that such treatments reliably produce all the listed improvements. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Ford, J. D., & Russo, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine.
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychotherapy
- Published
- 2006-10
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 335-355
- ISSN
- 0002-9564 (ISSN-L)
- 2575-6559
- OpenAlex
- W2123070809
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- National Institutes of Health (5k23mh001889-05)
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23 MH01889-01A1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, trauma-focused psychotherapy, present-centered therapy, emotion regulation, group therapy, integrated treatment, target model, conceptual model, clinical vignettes
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Affect, Convalescence, Female, Humans, Male, Psychotherapy, Social Control, Informal, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated, Substance-Related Disorders
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