The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Effects of School Climate on School Disorder
Abstract
Explanations of school disorder have suffered from at least two deficits: (1) institutional explanations of disorder (that is, school climate) have been largely ignored, and (2) insufficient attention to appropriate measures of disorder has guided research and policy. Like people, schools have their own characteristic personalities, or climates. Using survey responses from students in middle schools in Philadelphia, the author discusses the effects of school climate (such as clarity and fairness of rules) and individual student characteristics (such as age, sex, race, and dimensions of bonding) on different measures of school disorder, including victimization, avoidance, perceptions of safety, misconduct, and offending. The schools varied significantly on all measures of disorder, and school climate provided significant explanatory power for each. Results varied for different measures, though. For example, school climate predicted less serious misconduct more strongly than it predicted serious offending. School climate offers significant potential for enhancing both the understanding and the prevention of school violence.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990) · doi:10.1515/9781503621794 · Cited by 10,127
Gibbons, D. C., & Hirschi, T. (1970) · The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science · doi:10.2307/1142213 · Cited by 5,215
Payne, G., Dingwall, R. W. J., Payne, J., & Carter, M. (1981) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) · Cited by 5,015
Streetwise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community.
Stahura, J. M., & Anderson, E. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2074730 · Cited by 1,419
Streetwise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community
Anderson, E. (1990) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226098944.001.0001 · Cited by 1,406
Delinquent Boys. The Culture of the Gang
Illing, H. A., & Cohen, A. K. (1955) · The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science · doi:10.2307/1139727 · Cited by 1,367
Understanding and Preventing Violence: Volume 1
(1993) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/1861 · Cited by 1,295
Fear of Crime: Interpreting Victimization Risk.
Jackson, P. I., & Ferraro, K. F. (1996) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2077214 · Cited by 1,163
The Search for School Climate: A Review of the Research
Anderson, C. S. (1982) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543052003368 · Cited by 986
Delinquent Boys—The Culture of the Gang
Press, E. (1955) · American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.45.9.1174-b · Cited by 816
Cited by
Gregory, A., Cornell, D., Fan, X., Sheras, P., Shih, T.-H., & Huang, F. (2010) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018562 · Cited by 470
Racial Threat and Punitive School Discipline
Welch, K., & Payne, A. A. (2010) · Social Problems · doi:10.1525/sp.2010.57.1.25 · Cited by 445
Measuring School Climate in High Schools: A Focus on Safety, Engagement, and the Environment
Bradshaw, C. P., Waasdorp, T. E., Debnam, K. J., & Johnson, S. L. (2014) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12186 · Cited by 388
Delaware School Climate Survey—Student: Its factor structure, concurrent validity, and reliability
Bear, G. G., Gaskins, C., Blank, J., & Chen, F. F. (2011) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2011.01.001 · Cited by 374
Stewart, E. B. (2008) · Education and Urban Society · doi:10.1177/0013124507304167 · Cited by 361
Metadata
- Authors
- WELSH, W. N.
- Venue
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2000-01-01
- Volume
- 567
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 88-107
- ISSN
- 0002-7162 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2140730894
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 40
- FWCI
- 9.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Effects of School Climate on School Disorder. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0002716200567001007
- The paper
- WELSH, W. N. (2000). The Effects of School Climate on School Disorder. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716200567001007
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
