Suicide and shame.
Abstract
But basically I've lost my mind completely that's all people have told me. I really am crazy. I think I am. I've heard tell the only people who commit suicide are real muts well I'm a nut. Always have been. Greg (1973-1988) God, if you are listening, please take me to Heaven and. I hear suicide is a sin itself but uh. And I also hear everything happens for a reason. So maybe this is happening for a reason too. I just feel so alone right now. Mark (1974-1993)
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Shame has some anecdotal links to suicide.
“It also has some anecdotal links to suicide (Mokros, 1995; Lester, 1997; Kalafat and Lester, 2000).”
From The Social Roots of Suicide: Theorizing How the External Social World Matters to Suicide and Suicide Prevention (2021) · cites this paper as Mokros, 1995
Cites
Wallace, A. F. C., & Garfinkel, H. (1968) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2092245 · Cited by 12,413 · see citing works
In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development.
Johnson, M. M., & Gilligan, C. (1983) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2067520 · Cited by 11,149 · see citing works
In A Different Voice: Psychological Theory And Women's Development
Gilligan, & Carol, C. (1982) · Cited by 10,877 · see citing works
In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development
GILLIGAN, C. (1993) · doi:10.4159/9780674037618 · Cited by 9,127 · see citing works
Freud, S. (1922) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-192211000-00066 · Cited by 5,444 · see citing works
Suicide: A study in sociology.
Durkheim, É. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10406-003 · Cited by 3,944 · see citing works
Suicide: A Study in Sociology.
Alpert, H., Durkheim, É., Spaulding, J. A., Simpson, G. L., Solovay, S. A., Mueller, J. H., & Catlin, G. (1951) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2088294 · Cited by 3,910 · see citing works
The Interaction Order: American Sociological Association, 1982 Presidential Address
Goffman, E. (1983) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095141 · Cited by 2,804 · see citing works
The Interpersonal World of the Infant: A View from Psychoanalysis and Developmental Psychology
Stern, D. N. (2019) · Cited by 2,490 · see citing works
61. The Saturated Self: Dilemmas of Identity in Contemporary Life
Gergen, K. J. (2015) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400848393-062 · Cited by 2,229 · see citing works
Leon, R. L. (1974) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)61341-8 · Cited by 2,081 · see citing works
Baumeister, R. F. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.1.90 · Cited by 1,919 · see citing works
The saturated self: dilemmas of identity in contemporary life
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-2391 · Cited by 1,584 · see citing works
Sahlins, M. (1978) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226161792.001.0001 · Cited by 1,225 · see citing works
The Child, the Family, and the Outside World
Winnicott, D. W. (1964) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,115 · see citing works
Microsociology: Discourse, Emotion, and Social Structure.
Clanton, G., & Scheff, T. J. (1994) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2579932 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
Shame and Pride: Affect, Sex, and the Birth of the Self
Nemiah, J. C. (1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.5.776 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Elias, N., & Schröter, M. (1991) · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Krämer, P. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Shame and pride: affect, sex, and the birth of the self
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-2387 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
(2004) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410610690 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Garfinkel, H. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003320609-8 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Bloody Revenge: Emotions, Nationalism, and War.
Williams, R. M., & Scheff, T. J. (1995) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2075143 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Shneidman, E. S. (1977) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Shneidman, E. S., & Farberow, N. L. (1956) · Public Health Reports (1896-1970) · doi:10.2307/4589373 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
The earliest relationship: parents, infants, and the drama of early attachment
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-6616 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
THE CHILD, THE FAMILY AND THE OUT-SIDE WORLD
Bruhn, J. G. (1970) · American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.60.11.2224 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Violent emotions: shame and rage in marital quarrels
Retzinger, S. M. (1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3027 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Discovering Suicide; Studies in the Social Organization of Sudden Death
Atkinson, J. M., & Keidel, G. C. (1979) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/00000446-197904000-00074 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Handbook of clinical research and practice with adolescents
Vandereycken, W. (1993) · Kind en adolescent · doi:10.1007/bf03060531 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Brazelton, T. B., & Cramer, B. G. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429481512 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Microsociology: Discourse, Emotion, and Social Structure
Lansky, M. R. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.10.1555 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The Interpersonal World of the Infant: A View From Psychoanalysis and Developmental Psychology
Solnit, A. J. (1987) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.144.11.1508 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Suicide and Self-Damaging Behavior: A Sociobiological Perspective.
Maris, R. W., & de Catanzaro, D. (1982) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2068632 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Suicide and Self-Damaging Behavior: A Sociobiological Perspective
deCatanzaro, D. (1981) · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Practice and personhood in professional interaction: Social identities and information needs
Mokros, H. B., Mullins, L. S., & Saračević, T. (1995) · Library & Information Science Research · doi:10.1016/0740-8188(95)90047-0 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
A theory of mental illness: integrating social and emotional aspects.
Retzinger, S. M. (1989) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.1989.11024454 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Violent Emotions: Shame and Rage in Marital Quarrels
Cate, R. M., Angera, J. J., Johnson, C., & Retzinger, S. M. (1992) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/353091 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Understanding the Communication-Information Relationship
Mokros, H. B., & Ruben, B. D. (1991) · Science Communication · doi:10.1177/107554709101200403 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Communication-Information Relationship in Self-Representation
Mokros, H. B., & Lievrouw, L. A. (1991) · Science Communication · doi:10.1177/107554709101200404 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Goffman, E. (2022) · Public domain series · doi:10.32376/3f8575cb.778546a7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Relationally Engendered Selves
Mokros, H. B., & Carr, M. A. (1994) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1080/23808985.1994.11678877 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
When the social self is threatened: shame, physiology, and health
Dickerson, S. S., Gruenewald, T. L., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00295.x · Cited by 732 · see citing works
Mueller, A. S., Abrutyn, S., Pescosolido, B., & Diefendorf, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621569 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
“It also has some anecdotal links to suicide (Mokros, 1995; Lester, 1997; Kalafat and Lester, 2000).”
BackgroundShame and resilience in adulthood: A grounded theory study.
Vliet, K. J. V. (2008) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.55.2.233 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Baker, N. V., Gregware, P. R., & Cassidy, M. A. (1999) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/107780129952005 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Lester, D. (1997) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.1997.tb00514.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Claesson, K., & Sohlberg, S. (2002) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.331 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Social rank, shame and anger in primary and secondary psychopaths
Morrison, D., & Gilbert, P. (2001) · Journal of Forensic Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09585180110056867 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Hastings, M. E., Northman, L. M., & Tangney, J. P. (2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47233-3_6 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Shame and Rational Choice in Offending Decisions
Tibbetts, S. G. (1997) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854897024002006 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The Socioemotional Foundations of Suicide
Abrutyn, S. B., & Mueller, A. S. (2014) · Sociological Theory · doi:10.1177/0735275114558633 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
‘I can't quite put my finger on it’: Racism's touch
Tate, S. A. (2014) · Ethnicities · doi:10.1177/1468796814564626 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
When Too Much Integration and Regulation Hurts: Reenvisioning Durkheim’s Altruistic Suicide
Abrutyn, S., & Mueller, A. S. (2016) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869315604346 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Shame and Guilt in Child Sexual Offenders
Proeve, M. J., & Howells, K. (2002) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x02238160 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Marital Breakdown, Shame, and Suicidality in Men: A Direct Link?
Kõlves, K., Ide, N., & Leo, D. D. (2011) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2011.00021.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Toward a General Theory of Anomie The Social Psychology of Disintegration
Abrutyn, S. B. (2019) · European Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1017/s0003975619000043 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Cultural Differences in Shame and Guilt as Understandable Reasons for Suicide
Crowder, M. K., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2017) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294117728288 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Normlessness, Anomie, and the Emotions
TenHouten, W. D. (2016) · Sociological Forum · doi:10.1111/socf.12253 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The effects of self-critical rumination on shame and stress: an experimental study
Milia, C., Kolubinski, D. C., & Spada, M. M. (2020) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465820000727 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Emotions and Suicidal Ideation among Depressed Women with Childhood Sexual Abuse Histories
You, S., Talbot, N. L., He, H., & Conner, K. R. (2012) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2012.00086.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Shame Behind the Masks: The Parents' Perspective on Their Sons' Suicide
Törnblom, A. W., Werbart, A., & Rydelius, P. (2013) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.805644 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
General Mental Health, Quality of Life and Suicide-Related Attitudes Among Kurdish People in Iran
Mofidi, N., Ghazinour, M., araste, M., Jacobsson, L., & Richter, J. (2008) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764008091663 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Vliet, K. J. V. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5722-1_11 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Guilt, shame and fear of death predict neonatal intensive care unit-related parental distress
BARR, P. A. (2015) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2015.1043624 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Highfield, J. A., Markham, D., Skinner, M., & Neal, A. (2009) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.674 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Digital hostility, internet pile-ons and shaming: A case study
Thompson, J. D., & Cover, R. (2021) · Convergence The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies · doi:10.1177/13548565211030461 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Pettit, J. W., Lam, A. G., Voelz, Z. R., Walker, R. L., Pérez, M., Joiner, T. E., Lester, D., & He, Z.-X. (2002) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/15la-0wcr-n0dm-bwt8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The Governmentality of Black Beauty Shame
Tate, S. A. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-52258-0 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Cameron, A., Erisman, S. M., & Reed, K. M. P. (2019) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294118818091 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Claesson, K., Birgegård, A., & Sohlberg, S. (2007) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00450.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Tate, S. A. (2013) · Feminist Theory · doi:10.1177/1464700113483250 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Variability in College Student Suicide
Stephenson, J., Belesis, M. P., & Balliet, W. E. (2005) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1300/j035v19n04_02 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cooke, B. K. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
What Hindu Sati can teach us about the sociocultural and social psychological dynamics of suicide
Abrutyn, S. B. (2017) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/jtsb.12145 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hopelessness and shame in relation to suicide attempts by Cuban adolescents
Schneider, B. H., Martínez, Y. A. S., Koller, S. H., D’Onofrio, P., Puricelli, D. A., Lalota, G., & Lu, R. (2020) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461520963924 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Institutional safe space and shame management in workplace bullying
Shin, H. H. (2005) · ANU Open Research (Australian National University) · doi:10.25911/5d7a2b977c03e · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mediators of the shame‐guilt‐psychological adjustment relationship
Lynch, J. S., Hill, E., Nagoshi, J. L., & Nagoshi, C. T. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2012.00967.x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Levitanus, M. (2022) · The Steppe and beyond · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4328-7_6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Charbonnier, É., Dumas, F., Chesterman, A., & Graziani, P. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15020290 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Graham, C., & Frisco, M. L. (2023) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/00221465231200634 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Revisiting Durkheim: Social Integration and Suicide Clusters in U.S. Counties, 2006–2019
Brantez, J., & Houle, J. N. (2023) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/21568693231195940 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Irrational Fear of AIDS Associated with Suicidal Behavior
Kausch, O. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/00131746-200407000-00010 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Poulson, C. (2000) · UTAS Research Repository · Cited by 6 · see citing works
From Public Culture to Personal Worth: A Sociological Inquiry into the Cultural Roots of Suicide
Doblytė, S. (2024) · Cultural Sociology · doi:10.1177/17499755241306271 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Daniel, T. D., & Sugianto, D. (2023) · Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat · doi:10.24854/jpu739 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-Compassion Versus Self-Esteem for an Experience of Ostracism
Anderson, R. S. (2019) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wiklander, M. (2012) · Figshare · Cited by 3 · see citing works
From Crime to Punishment: Moral Violations and the Social Function of Emotion
Brubacher, M. R. (2014) · Digital Commons-DePaul (DePaul University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Meissner, B. L. (2013) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
On the Origin of Shame: Feelings of Disgust toward the Self
Terrizzi, J. A. (2013) · doi:10.33915/etd.134 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Discrete emotions, thwarted needs, and suicidality
Gunn, J. F. (2012) · doi:10.7282/t3p55mf6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liébanas, R. M. D. P. (2002) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1019774323981 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Post-psychotic trauma : contributory factors and interventions
Turner, M. H. (2010) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
A entrevista clínica no contexto do risco de suicídio
Rodrigues, J. C. (2009) · Americanae (AECID Library)
ASSOCIAÇÕES ENTRE EMOÇÕES MORAIS E CRIATIVIDADE EM UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Bartholomeu, D., Montiel, J. M., Cecato, J. F., Virgilio, M. A., Bueno, C. H., & Lima, F. F. (2014)
Treatment Following a Near Fatal Suicide Attempt
Weinberg, I., Maltsberger, J. T., Ronningstam, E. F., Goldblatt, M. J., Schechter, M., Olivardia, R., Goldblatt, M. J., & Maltsberger, J. T. (2011) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2010.00010.x
Pendroy, J. M. (2012) · UST Research Online (University of St. Thomas - Minnesota)
Suicide: A dying shame: A literature review of the therapeutic relationship
Goldstiver, S. P. (2004) · Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology)
BEFEJEZETT ÖNGYILKOSSÁGOT ELKÖVETETT SZEMÉLYEK BÚCSÚLEVELEINEK ELEMZÉSE
Annamária, M. P., & Bugán, A. (2009)
White Iconicity: Necropolitics, Disalienation and Black Beauty Shame Scripts
Tate, S. A. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-52258-0_5
Black Beauty Shame: Intensification, Skin Ego and Biopolitical Silencing
Tate, S. A. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-52258-0_4
Bray, P. (2005) · Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)
Shame and the question of self-respect
Shield, M. (2022) · Philosophy & Social Criticism · doi:10.1177/01914537221131490
Graham, C. (2025) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spaf004
Salugenic Relationships that Rehumanise: A Grounded Theory of Congruence
Brown, C. A. R. (2014) · Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) · doi:10.22024/unikent/01.02.44562
Joss, D. (2026) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-026-00395-y
Understanding the link between Sextortion and Suicide
Nilsson, M. G., Calli.Tzani-Pepelasis, Ioannou, M., & Lester, D. (2019) · Zenodo · doi:10.5281/zenodo.3402356 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
- Authors
- MOKROS, H. B.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- MOKROS, HARTMUT B.
- Venue
- American Behavioral Scientist
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1995-08
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1091-1103
- ISSN
- 0002-7642 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3381
- OpenAlex
- W2045373587
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Behavioral Scientist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- suicide, shame, suicidal ideation, sin, meaning of suffering, loneliness, mental health stigma
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
