The DOI matches its Crossref record; 92 of the 92 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Latino Immigrants and the U.S. Racial Order: How and Where Do They Fit In?
Abstract
How do Latino immigrants in the United States understand existing racial categories? And how does the existing U.S. racial order influence this understanding? Using data from the New Immigrant Survey (NIS), our analysis points to changes in how the U.S. racial order might operate in the future. We find that most Latino immigrants recognize the advantages of a White racial designation when asked to self-identify, but wider society is not often accepting of this White expansion. Our findings suggest that relatively darker-skinned Latino immigrants experience skin-color-based discrimination in the realm of annual income. Furthermore, Latinos who are most integrated into the United States are the most likely to opt out of the existing U.S. racial categorization scheme. We predict that a racial boundary is forming around some Latino immigrants: those with darker skin and those who have more experience in the U.S. racial stratification system.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects
ROSENBAUM, P. R., & RUBIN, D. B. (1983) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/70.1.41 · Cited by 31,241
(2010) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/(issn)1540-6237 · Cited by 13,458
(1994) · Cited by 6,200
Journal of The American Statistical Association
Fienberg, S. E. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences · doi:10.1002/0471667196.ess1317 · Cited by 6,125
Statistics and Causal Inference
Holland, P. W. (1986) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1986.10478354 · Cited by 5,293
Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference
Freedman, M., & Barth, F. (1970) · The British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/588416 · Cited by 3,757
A standard international socio-economic index of occupational status
Ganzeboom, H. B. G., De Graaf, P. M., & Treiman, D. J. (1992) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/0049-089x(92)90017-b · Cited by 3,129
Ganzeboom, H. B. G., & Treiman, D. J. (1996) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1006/ssre.1996.0010 · Cited by 1,858
Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race
Jacobson, M. F. (1999) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctvjk2w15 · Cited by 1,755
The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: A Multilevel Process Theory
Wimmer, A. (2008) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/522803 · Cited by 1,427
Cited by
The multiple dimensions of race
Roth, W. D. (2016) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2016.1140793 · Cited by 445
Using the Propensity Score Method to Estimate Causal Effects: A Review and Practical Guide
Li, M. (2013) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428112447816 · Cited by 366
Drouhot, L. G., & Nee, V. (2019) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041335 · Cited by 283
The Effects of Perceived Discrimination on Immigrant and Refugee Physical and Mental Health
Szaflarski, M., & Bauldry, S. (2019) · Immigration and Health · doi:10.1108/s1057-629020190000019009 · Cited by 181
Double Jeopardy: Why Latinos Were Hit Hardest by the US Foreclosure Crisis
Rugh, J. S. (2015) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/sou107 · Cited by 93
Metadata
- Authors
- Frank, R., Akresh, I. R., & Lu, B.
- Venue
- American Sociological Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 378-401
- ISSN
- 0003-1224 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-8271
- OpenAlex
- W2083674339
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 92
- FWCI
- 50.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Latino Immigrants and the U.S. Racial Order: How and Where Do They Fit In? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0003122410372216
- The paper
- Frank, R., Akresh, I. R., & Lu, B. (2010). Latino Immigrants and the U.S. Racial Order: How and Where Do They Fit In? American Sociological Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122410372216
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
