Effects of stimulant medication on cognitive performance of children with ADHD.
Abstract
The effect that treatment with stimulant medication has on the intellectual performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was examined. Thirty-one children diagnosed with ADHD were given a WISC-III before any treatment was implemented. At least 1 year later, children were retested. At this time, 24 of the children were taking stimulant medications. Children receiving medications had significant increases in IQ scores, but no changes were found for those not taking medications. Changes in IQ scores were moderately related to parents’ perceived efficacy of the medication and parent-reported compliance with medication but were not strongly related to changes in parent-reported ADHD symptoms.
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It cannot be ruled out that Styck and Watkins (2014) findings were confounded by medication effects, as long-term use of medication has been shown to influence the IQ of children with ADHD.
“Fourth, as the study by Styck and Watkins (2014) did not consider the medication status of participants, it cannot be ruled out that their findings were not confounded by medication effects, as long-term use of medication has been shown to influence the IQ of children with ADHD (Gillberg et al., 1997; Gimpel et al., 2005).”
From Structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition in a Group of Children with ADHD (2016) · cites this paper as Gimpel et al., 2005
The Results report increased IQ test scores among children taking stimulant medication at follow-up, supporting the possibility that medication status could affect test findings. But the Introduction says only that retesting occurred at least one year after the initial test, and the Procedures define medication status by a dose taken shortly before testing. The Discussion attributes the score change most plausibly to improved test-taking behavior, not an established effect of long-term use on underlying IQ. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Gimpel, G. A., Collett, B. R., Veeder, M. A., Gifford, J. A., Sneddon, P., Bushman, B., Hughes, K., & Odell, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Utah State University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Clinical Pediatrics
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 405-411
- ISSN
- 0009-9228 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-2707
- OpenAlex
- W2111782776
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stimulant medication, cognitive performance, IQ, children, drug efficacy, medication adherence, parent-reported symptoms, WISC-III
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Amphetamines, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Methylphenidate, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Compliance, Prospective Studies, Reference Values, Severity of Illness Index, Case-Control Studies, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment
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