Cited by 2,884Qualitative Research Methods and ApplicationsQualitative Research Methods and EthicsFocus Groups and Qualitative Methods

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A Guide to Conducting Consensual Qualitative Research

Hill, Clara E., Thompson, Barbara J., Williams, Elizabeth Nutt·1997·The Counseling Psychologist

DOI 10.1177/0011000097254001

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Abstract

The authors discuss the components of consensual qualitative research (CQR) using open-ended questions to gather data, using words to describe phenomena, studying a few cases intensively, recognizing the importance of context, using an inductive analytic process, using a team and making decisions by consensus, using auditors, and verifying results by systematically checking against the raw data. The three steps for conducting CQR are developing and coding domains, constructing core ideas, and developing categories to describe consistencies across cases (cross analysis). Criteria for evaluating CQR are trustworthiness of the method, coherence of the results, representativeness of the results to the sample, testimonial validity, applicability of the results, and replicability across samples. Finally, the authors discuss implications for research, practice, and training.

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Self-citation

Authors: Hill, C. E., Thompson, B. J., & Williams, E. N.
Affiliations: University of Maryland,
American Day Behavioral Health Care System, Inc.
University of Maryland, College Park (US)
Corresponding author: Hill, Clara E.
ORCID: Hill, Clara E.
Williams, Elizabeth Nutt
Venue: The Counseling Psychologist
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1997-10
Volume: 25
Issue: 4
Pages: 517-572
ISSN: 0011-0000 (ISSN-L)
1552-3861
DOI: 10.1177/0011000097254001
OpenAlex: W2169110538
Cited by: 2,884
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 119 · 2025: 113 · 2024: 121 · 2023: 132 · 2022: 171 · 2021: 161 · 2020: 172 · 2019: 162 · 2018: 132 · 2017: 133 · 2016: 143 · 2015: 146 · 2014: 157 · 2013: 150 · 2012: 131
FWCI: 107.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: The Counseling Psychologist (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Focus Groups and Qualitative Methods
Keywords: consensual qualitative research, consensus building, trustworthiness, replicability, cross-case analysis, core ideas, qualitative research methodology, counseling research

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A Guide to Conducting Consensual Qualitative Research

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