Measurement of change and the law of initial values: A computer simulation study.
Abstract
Computer simulations were used to examine the effect of a negative correlation between baseline and change on two measures of change: gain scores and covariance. When a negative correlation resulted from decreasing variance from pretest to posttest, as might be due to the presence of floors or ceilings (the Law of Initial Values) or skewness, gain scores were less powerful than covariance. However, when a negative correlation resulted from measurement error alone, the relative power of gain scores and covariance was unaffected. It was concluded that the correlation between baseline and change, by itself, does not invalidate the use of gain scores. However, when the negative correlation is accompanied by a decrease in variance from pretest to posttest, covariance is a superior index of change.
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Subgroup analyses suggest that significant interventions had an effect on reducing variability.
“Subgroup analyses suggest that significant interventions had an effect on reducing variability ( Supplementary File 1 : Figures S5–S7), a fact which has already been observed in other studies 25, 26.”
From Does evidence support the high expectations placed in precision medicine? A bibliographic review (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
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Does evidence support the high expectations placed in precision medicine? A bibliographic review
Cortés, J., González, J. A., Medina, M. N., Vogler, M., Vilaró, M., Elmore, M., Senn, S. J., Campbell, M., & Cobo, E. (2019) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.13490.4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jamieson, J.
- Affiliations
- Lakehead University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Jamieson, John
- Venue
- Educational and Psychological Measurement
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1995-02
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 38-46
- ISSN
- 0013-1644 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3888
- OpenAlex
- W2125179194
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational and Psychological Measurement (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Assessment and Pedagogy
- Keywords
- measurement of change, law of initial values, gain score, measurement error, floor and ceiling effects, skewness, variance reduction, statistical power
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