Measuring Students' Identification with School
Abstract
This article describes the development of a student rating scale that assesses the degree to which students identify with or disidentify from school and whether there are gender or racial group differences in identification. The Identification with School Questionnaire was tested on a sample of 3,539 eighth-grade pupils. Confirmatory factor analyses of the data provided evidence that a unidimensional scale may better reflect the degree to which students identify with school than do separate measures of belonging and valuing. Analyses of variance of the scale indicated that female students exhibited higher degrees of identification with school than did their male peers, African American students were more identified with school than were White students, and White male youngsters had the lowest levels of identification with school.
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The social context determines whether students identify with the school, since teacher-student relations and support from teachers and peers are the basis of students' perception of school belonging.
“As stated previously, the social context determines whether students identify with the school, since teacher-student relations and support from teachers and peers are the basis of students' perception of school belonging (see also Allen et al. 2018;Roorda et al. 2011;Voelkl 1996Voelkl , 1997Voelkl , 2012)).”
From The relationships between school belonging and students’ motivational, social-emotional, behavioural, and academic outcomes in secondary education: a meta-analytic review (2020) · cites this paper as Voelkl 1996
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Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance.
Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33 · Cited by 8,332 · see citing works
Finn, J. D. (1989) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1170412 · Cited by 2,702 · see citing works
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Student Engagement: What Is It? Why Does It Matter?
Finn, J. D., & Zimmer, K. S. (2012) · Handbook of Research on Student Engagement · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_5 · Cited by 1,139 · see citing works
Korpershoek, H., Canrinus, E. T., Fokkens-Bruinsma, M., & de Boer, H. (2020) · Research Papers in Education · doi:10.1080/02671522.2019.1615116 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
“As stated previously, the social context determines whether students identify with the school, since teacher–student relations and support from teachers and peers are the basis of students’ perception of school belonging (see also Allen et al. 2018; Roorda et al. 2011; Voelkl 1996, 1997, 2012).”
BackgroundMethodThe Relations Between Student Motivational Beliefs and Cognitive Engagement in High School
Walker, C. O., & Greene, B. A. (2009) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.3200/joer.102.6.463-472 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
The relational health indices for youth: An examination of reliability and validity aspects
Liang, B., Tracy, A. J., Kenny, M. E., Brogan, D., & Gatha, R. (2010) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1177/0748175609354596 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
- Authors
- Voelkl, K. E.
- Affiliations
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Voelkl, Kristin E.
- Venue
- Educational and Psychological Measurement
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1996-10
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 760-770
- ISSN
- 0013-1644 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3888
- OpenAlex
- W2066234981
- Cited by
- 225
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 7.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational and Psychological Measurement (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- school belonging, gender differences, racial differences, African American students, eighth grade students, scale development
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