Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 579

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Environmental Concern: Does it Make a Difference How it's Measured?

Van Liere, Kent D., Dunlap, Riley E.·1981·Environment and Behavior

Abstract

Past studies of environmental concern have measured the concept in many ways, often assuming that different types of measures are equivalent. In this study the degree to which different types of measures of environmental concern produce consistent results is examined. The measures are differentiated in terms of the substantive issues reflected in their items, and the theoretical conceptualization used in developing the items. A model is developed which hypothesizes two types of consistency: consistency in the intercorrelations among environmental measures, and consistency in the correlations between the environmental measures and various sociodemographic variables. The review of existing literature and the results of a study of Washington State residents (N = 806) show little support for the assumption that all environmental concern measures are equivalent.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0013916581136001

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Cited by

See all 579

Metadata

Authors
Van Liere, K. D., & Dunlap, R. E.
Venue
Environment and Behavior
Published
1981-11
Volume
13
Issue
6
Pages
651-676
ISSN
  • 0013-9165 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-390X
OpenAlex
W2152351415
Cited by
579
References
2
FWCI
17.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Environmental Concern: Does it Make a Difference How it's Measured? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0013916581136001
The paper
Van Liere, K. D., & Dunlap, R. E. (1981). Environmental Concern: Does it Make a Difference How it's Measured? Environment and Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916581136001

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.