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Self-Compassion and Self-Construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan
Abstract
Self-compassion is a self-attitude construct derived from Buddhist psychology (Neff, 2003a). It entails being kind rather than harshly critical toward oneself, perceiving one's experiences as part of the larger human experience, and holding painful feelings in mindful awareness. Given that self-compassion is an Asian construct, this study compares self-compassion levels in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. Results indicate that self-compassion is highest in Thailand and lowest in Taiwan, with the United States falling in between. Interdependence is linked to self-compassion in Thailand only, whereas independence is linked to self-compassion in Taiwan and the United States. Results suggest that self-compassion levels in these societies are linked to specific cultural features rather than general East—West differences. However, self-compassion is significantly associated with well-being in all three cultures.
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“self-compassion has been found to be lower in Japan than in the United States and Thailand [29,50].”
From Psychological factors associated with social withdrawal (Hikikomori) (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Neff, K. D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., & Hsieh, Y.-P.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Chulalongkorn University (TH)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-02-07
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 267-285
- ISSN
- 0022-0221 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5422
- OpenAlex
- W2172179106
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 9.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- self-compassion, self-construal, interdependence, independence, cross-cultural comparison, Buddhist psychology, well-being, East-West differences, Thailand, Taiwan, United States
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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