A self-rating depression scale

ZUNG, WILLIAM W. K.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008

Cited by 9,813Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Testing and AssessmentPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

A self-rating depression scale

ZUNG, WILLIAM W. K.·1965·Archives of General Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008

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Abstract

The fact that there is a need for assessing depression, whether as an affect, a symptom, or a disorder is obvious by the numerous scales and inventories available and in use today. The need to assess depression simply and specifically as a psychiatric disorder has not been met by most scales available today. We became acutely aware of this situation in a research project where we needed to correlate both the presence and severity of a depressive disorder in patients with other parameters such as arousal response during sleep and changes with treatment of the depressive disorder. It was felt that the general depression scales used were insufficient for our purpose and that the more specific scales were also inadequate. These inadequacies related to factors such as the length of a scale or inventory being too long and too time consuming, especially for a patient

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The ZUNG Depression Scale had sensitivity and specificity above 80% and an alpha coefficient of 0.09.
“The ZUNG Depression Scale in Spanish was used [24]; during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was modified to evaluate depression. There are 20 items on this self-report measure, and they are both positive and negative. Its sensitivity and specificity are both above 80%, and its alpha coefficient is 0.09.”
From Comparative Analysis of Academic, Behavioral, and Psychophysiological Variables in Male and Female Vocational Training Students (2024) · cites this paper as [24]
Validated self-report questionnaires were used to assess psychopathology.
“Validated self-report questionnaires were used to assess psychopathology: Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) (Creamer et al., 2003), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) (Armour et al., 2016), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) (Zung, 1965), 13-item Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-13) (Beck and Steer, 1984), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y (STAI-Y) (Vigneau and Cormier, 2008), Women’s”
From Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up (2021) · cites this paper as Zung, 1965

An inventory for measuring depression
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Authors: ZUNG, W. W. K.
Affiliations: Durham VA Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: ZUNG, WILLIAM W. K.
Venue: Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1965-01-01
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 63
ISSN: 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008
OpenAlex: W2170332928
Cited by: 9,813
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 437 · 2025: 518 · 2024: 460 · 2023: 427 · 2022: 439 · 2021: 376 · 2020: 348 · 2019: 270 · 2018: 247 · 2017: 237 · 2016: 242 · 2015: 229 · 2014: 241 · 2013: 268 · 2012: 233
FWCI: 26.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, depression assessment, depressive disorders, depression severity, mental health screening, treatment response monitoring
MeSH terms: Depression, Depressive Disorder, Diagnosis, Humans, Psychological Tests

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A self-rating depression scale

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