The DOI matches its Crossref record; 150 of the 154 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dietary Carbohydrates and Dental-Systemic Diseases
Abstract
Two contradictory hypotheses on the role of dietary carbohydrates in health and disease shape how dental-systemic associations are regarded. On one side, Cleave and Yudkin postulated that excessive dietary fermentable carbohydrate intake led-in the absence of dental interventions such as fluorides-first to dental diseases and then to systemic diseases. Under this hypothesis, dental and systemic diseases shared-as a common cause-a diet of excess fermentable carbohydrates. Dental diseases were regarded as an alarm bell for future systemic diseases, and restricting carbohydrate intake prevented both dental and systemic diseases. On the opposite side, Keys postulated the lipid hypothesis: that excessive dietary lipid intake caused systemic diseases. Keys advocated a diet high in fermentable carbohydrate for the benefit of general health, and dental diseases became regarded as local dietary side effects. Because general health takes precedence over dental health when it comes to dietary recommendations, dental diseases became viewed as local infections; interventions such as fluorides, sealants, oral hygiene, antimicrobials, and dental fillings became synonymous with maintaining dental health, and carbohydrates were no longer considered as a common cause for dental-systemic diseases. These opposing dietary hypotheses have increasingly been put to the test in clinical trials. The emerging trial results favor Cleave-Yudkin's hypothesis and may affect preventive approaches for dental and systemic diseases.
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“Recent evidence suggests that consumption of high-glycemic foods alone might increase gingival and periodontal inflammation and bleeding as well, while a diet abundant in complex carbohydrates, with no increase in total energy intake, may lower the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis [72,73,74,75,76,77].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“Recent evidence suggests that consumption of high-glycemic foods alone might increase gingival and periodontal inflammation and bleeding as well, while a diet abundant in complex carbohydrates, with no increase in total energy intake, may lower the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis [72,73,74,75,76,77].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“Caries and periodontal disease are both polymicrobial, plaque-mediated infections, thought to result from perturbation of a healthy, ecologically balanced oral biofilm23,24 that can occur from dietary changes, such as the increased consumption of fermentable carbohydrates25,26.”
From Sequencing ancient calcified dental plaque shows changes in oral microbiota with dietary shifts of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions (2013) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“However, whilst the frequency of these systemic diseases has risen over the last few decades25, our data show that the abundance of periodontal disease-associated bacteria has been relatively stable since the introduction of farming (e.g., Figure 3, P. gingivalis).”
From Sequencing ancient calcified dental plaque shows changes in oral microbiota with dietary shifts of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions (2013) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Lowered consumption of carbohydrates has additionally been determined to decrease markers of gingival and periodontal inflammation.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [276]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hujoel, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hujoel, P.
- ORCID
- Hujoel, P.
- Venue
- Journal of Dental Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 490-502
- ISSN
- 0022-0345 (ISSN-L)
- 1544-0591
- OpenAlex
- W2027732320
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 154
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Dental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- dietary carbohydrates, fermentable carbohydrates, lipid hypothesis, dental caries, systemic disease, dietary intervention, fluoride, dental disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Chronic Disease, Dental Caries, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Humans, Interprofessional Relations, Periodontal Diseases, Risk Factors, Smoking
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