The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Oral Sciences PhD Program Enrollment, Graduates, and Placement: 1994 to 2016
Open accessAbstract
For decades, dental schools in the United States have endured a significant faculty shortage. Studies have determined that the top 2 sources of dental faculty are advanced education programs and private practice. Those who have completed both DDS and PhD training are considered prime candidates for dental faculty positions. However, there is no national database to track those trainees and no evidence to indicate that they entered academia upon graduation. The objective of this study was to assess outcomes of dental school–affiliated oral sciences PhD program enrollment, graduates, and placement between 1994 and 2016. Using the American Dental Association annual survey of advanced dental education programs not accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation and data obtained from 22 oral sciences PhD programs, we assessed student demographics, enrollment, graduation, and placement. Based on the data provided by program directors, the average new enrollment was 33, and graduation was 26 per year. A total of 605 graduated; 39 did not complete; and 168 were still in training. Among those 605 graduates, 211 were faculty in U.S. academic institutions, and 77 were faculty in foreign institutions. Given that vacant budgeted full-time faculty positions averaged 257 per year during this period, graduates from those oral sciences PhD programs who entered academia in the United States would have filled 9 (3.6%) vacant faculty positions per year. Therefore, PhD programs have consistently generated only a small pipeline of dental school faculty. Better mentoring to retain talent in academia is necessary. Stronger support and creative funding plans are essential to sustain the PhD program. Furthermore, the oral sciences PhD program database should be established and maintained by dental professional organizations to allow assessments of training models, trends of enrollment, graduation, and placement outcomes.
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DDS/DMD-PhD programs have 47.5% of graduates pursue an academic position, 8.5% in industry, and 44.1% in private practice.
“In contrast, approximating data from Herzog et al., DDS/DMD‐PhD programs have struggled to replicate these outcomes as 47.5% of graduates pursue an academic position, 8.5% in industry, and 44.1% in private practice [9].”
From Bridging the Gap Between Training and Reality: A Dental Scientist Trainee Perspective (2026) · cites this paper as [9]
The Results (page not provided) report that 29.7% of DDS/PhD graduates entered academia and 28.6% entered private practice, contrary to the claimed 47.5% and 44.1%. The cited passage gives no DDS/PhD-specific industry percentage; its 11.1% industry/government figure applies to all 605 graduates. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Cites
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Bridging the Gap Between Training and Reality: A Dental Scientist Trainee Perspective
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“In contrast, approximating data from Herzog et al., DDS/DMD-PhD programs have struggled to replicate these outcomes as 47.5% of graduates pursue an academic position, 8.5% in industry, and 44.1% in private practice [9].”
InfluentialFormicola, A. J., Tedesco, L. A., & McCauley, L. K. (2025) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/jdd.70122
Metadata
- Authors
- Herzog, C. R., Berzins, D. W., DenBesten, P., Gregory, R. L., Hargreaves, K. M., Messer, R. L. W., Mina, M., Mooney, M. P., Paine, M. L., Phillips, C., Presland, R. B., Quivey, R. G., Scannapieco, F. A., Sheridan, J. F., Svoboda, K. K. H., Trackman, P. C., Walker, M. P., Walker, S. G., Wang, C. Y., & Hu, J. C. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Marquette University (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Augusta University (US)
- UConn Health (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- University of Missouri–Kansas City (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, J.C.C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Dental Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-01-12
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 483-491
- ISSN
- 0022-0345 (ISSN-L)
- 1544-0591
- PMC
- PMC6728576
- OpenAlex
- W2783646538
- Semantic Scholar
- a1c80abc3902cb6b855f159420ba6e62ec147479
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Dental Research (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University) (submittedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Purdue University Indianapolis (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ohio State University
- University of Missouri
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of Louisville
- University of Rochester
- Marquette University
- University of California, Los Angeles
- University of California, San Francisco
- University at Buffalo
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE019629)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Dental Education, Practice, Research
- Social Sciences › Education › Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Keywords
- program funding
- MeSH terms
- Education, Dental, Graduate, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schools, Dental, United States
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