Cellular Distribution of Branched-chain Amino Acid Aminotransferase Isoenzymes Among Rat Brain Glial Cells in Culture
Open accessAbstract
The first step in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), reversible transamination, is catalyzed by one of the two isoforms of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT). The mitochondrial isoenzyme (BCATm) is widely distributed among tissues, whereas the cytosolic isoenzyme (BCATc) is restricted to only a few organs. Remarkably, BCATc is the prominent isoenzyme found in brain. The physiological significance of the subcellular compartmentation of BCAT is still not understood. To contribute to the elucidation of the cellular distribution of the two isoenzymes in brain, we used cultured rat glial cells in an immunocytochemical study to determine the pattern of BCAT isoenzyme expression by glial cells. Antiserum against BCATm generated a punctate staining pattern of astroglial cells, confirming the mitochondrial location of this isoenzyme. In contrast, the cytosol of galactocerebroside-expressing oligodendroglial cells and O2A progenitor cells displayed intense staining only for BCATc. In addition, subpopulations of astroglial cells exhibited BCATc immunoreactivity. The presence of BCATm in astrocytes is consistent with the known ability of these cells to oxidize BCAA. Furthermore, our results on BCATc provide support for the hypothesis that BCATs are also involved in nitrogen transfer from astrocytes to neurons.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4
LAEMMLI, U. K. (1970) · Nature · doi:10.1038/227680a0 · Cited by 249,961 · see citing works
Burnette, W. N. (1981) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(81)90281-5 · Cited by 8,432 · see citing works
Localization of the glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes by immunofluorescence
Bignami, A., Eng, L. F., Dahl, D. R., & Uyeda, C. T. (1972) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(72)90398-8 · Cited by 1,456 · see citing works
Glutamine Synthetase: Glial Localization in Brain
Martinez-Hernandez, A., Bell, K. P., & Norenberg, M. D. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.14400 · Cited by 1,183 · see citing works
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism
Harper, A. E., Miller, R. H., & Block, K. P. (1984) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.04.070184.002205 · Cited by 1,011 · see citing works
Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia.
Cooper, A. J. L., & Plum, F. (1987) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1987.67.2.440 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
Ranscht, B., Clapshaw, P. A., Price, J., Noble, M., & Seifert, W. E. (1982) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.79.8.2709 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
RAFF, M. C., Fields, K. L., Hakomori, S., Mirsky, R., Pruss, R. M., & Winter, J. (1979) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90851-5 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism
Yudkoff, M. (1999) · Cited by 763 · see citing works
Dynamic properties of glia cells
Lewis, P. (1979) · Endeavour · doi:10.1016/0160-9327(79)90050-4 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Transaminase of Branched Chain Amino Acids
Ichihara, A., & Koyama, E. (1966) · The Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128277 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Locations of amino acids in brain slices from the rat. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive release of amino acids
Benjamin, A. M., & Quastel, J. H. (1972) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1280631 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
[27] Primary glial cultures as a model for studying hormone action
Hamprecht, B., & Löffler, F. (1985) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(85)09097-8 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabolic Trafficking between Neurons and Astrocytes: The Glutamate/Glutamine Cycle Revisited
Westergaard, N., Sonnewald, U., & Schousboe, A. (2007) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000111288 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Present status and significance of the glutamine cycle in neural tissues
Shank, R. P., & Aprison, M. H. (1981) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(81)90044-8 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
High activity of choline acetyltransferase induced in neuroblastoma X glia hybrid cells
Amano, T., Hamprecht, B., & Kemper, W. M. (1974) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4827(74)90142-6 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationHall, T. R., Wallin, R., Reinhart, G. A., & Hutson, S. M. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53663-2 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationAbney, E. R., Williams, B. P., & RAFF, M. C. (1983) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/0012-1606(83)90207-5 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Regulation of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproate metabolism in skeletal muscle.
Hutson, S. M., Cree, T. C., & Harper, A. E. (1978) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34371-5 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationAstrocyte Leucine Metabolism: Significance of Branched‐Chain Amino Acid Transamination
Yudkoff, M., Daikhin, Y., Grunstein, L., Nissim, I. B., Stern, J., Pleasure, D., & Nissim, I. (1996) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66010378.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Effects of Neurohormones on Glial Cells
van Calker, D., & Hamprecht, B. (1980) · Advances in cellular neurobiology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-008301-5.50006-6 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentification of mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferase and its isoforms in rat tissues.
Hutson, S. M., Wallin, R., & Hall, T. R. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)49589-6 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationThe monoclonal antibody A2B5 is specific to ganglioside GQ1c
Kasai, N., & Yu, R. K. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90918-6 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Cangiano, C., Cardelli‐Cangiano, P., James, J. H., Fanelli, F. R., Patrizi, M., Brackett, K. A., Ström, R., & Fischer, J. E. (1983) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32149-5 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Properties of phosphate activated glutaminase in astrocytes cultured from mouse brain
Kvamme, E., Svenneby, G., Hertz, L., & Schousboe, A. (1982) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/bf00965528 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Generation of Ketone Bodies from Leucine by Cultured Astroglial Cells
Bixel, M. G., & Hamprecht, B. (1995) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65062450.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationInterrelationships of Leucine and Glutamate Metabolism in Cultured Astrocytes
Yudkoff, M., Daikhin, Y., Lin, Z., Nissim, L., Stern, J., Pleasure, D., & Nissim, I. (1994) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62031192.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Role of mitochondrial transamination in branched chain amino acid metabolism.
Hutson, S. M., Fenstermacher, D., & Mahar, C. Q. (1988) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68969-0 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationHallermayer, K., & Hamprecht, B. (1984) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90810-2 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationSubcellular Distribution of Branched-Chain Aminotransferase Activity in Rat Tissues
Hutson, S. M. (1988) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/118.12.1475 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationTaylor, R. T., & Jenkins, W. T. (1966) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99733-4 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Reinhart, P. H., Pfeiffer, B., Spengler, S., & Hamprecht, B. (1990) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01194.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationGlutaminase and glutamine synthetase activity in synaptosomes, bulk-isolated glia and neurons
Weiler, C. T., Nyström, B., & Hamberger, A. (1979) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)91083-7 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
[ 15 N] leucine as a source of [ 15 N] glutamate in organotypic cerebellar explants
Yudkoff, M., Nissim, I., Kim, S., et al. (1983) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(83)90985-3 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Quantitative ultrastructural localization of glutamate dehydrogenase in the rat cerebellar cortex
Rothe, F., Brosz, M., & Storm‐Mathisen, J. (1995) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)e0200-n · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Quantitative ultrastructural localization of glutamate dehydrogenase in the rat cerebellar cortex
Rothe, F., Brosz, M., & Storm‐Mathisen, J. (1994) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90349-2 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Hösli, E., Hösli, L., & Schousboe, A. (1986) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-250452-5.50009-7 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Hutson, S. M., & Hall, T. R. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53662-0 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationTransaminase of Branched Chain Amino Acids
Aki, K., Ogawa, K., Shirai, A., et al. (1967) · The Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128712 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The pathway of glutamate metabolism in rat brain mitochondria
Dennis, S. C., & Clark, J. B. (1977) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1680521 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Purification of branched chain aminotransferase from rat heart mitochondria.
Wallin, R., Hall, T. R., & Hutson, S. M. (1990) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39284-1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationChabert, C., Cavegn, C., Bernard, A., et al. (1994) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63010062.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Inhibition of Astrocyte Glutamine Production by α‐Ketoisocaproic Acid
Yudkoff, M., Daikhin, Y., Nissim, I. B., et al. (1994) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63041508.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Compartmentation of Amino Acids in Brain: The GABA-Glutamine-Glutamate Cycle
den Berg, C. J. V., Matheson, D. F., & Nijenmanting, W. C. (1978) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-4030-0_50 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Harper, A. E. (1989) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb15003.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Branched Chain Amino Acid Aminotransferase
Taylor, R. T., Shakespeare, V. A., & Jenkins, W. T. (1970) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62790-5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Hamberger A, Cotman CW, Sellström A, Weiler CT (1977) Gluta- mine, glial cells and their relationship to transmitter glutamate. In Schoffeniels E, Frank G, Hertz L, Tower DB, eds. Dynamic Properties of Glia Cells. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 163-172
- Ichihara A (1985) Aminotransferases of branched-chain amino ac- ids. In Christen P, Metzler DE, eds. Transaminases. Vol 2. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 430-438
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bak, L. K., Schousboe, A., & Waagepetersen, H. S. (2006) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works
Branched-chain amino acids and brain metabolism
Sperringer, J. E., Addington, A., & Hutson, S. M. (2017) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-017-2261-5 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationThe ketogenic diet and brain metabolism of amino acids: Relationship to the anticonvulsant effect
Yudkoff, M., Daikhin, Y., Melø, T. M., Nissim, I., Sonnewald, U., & Nissim, I. (2007) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093722 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Nitrogen shuttling between neurons and glial cells during glutamate synthesis
Lieth, E., LaNoue, K. F., Berkich, D. A., Xu, B., Ratz, M., Taylor, C., & Hutson, S. M. (2001) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00156.x · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationAlzheimer’s disease: Targeting the glutamatergic system
Conway, M. E. (2020) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-020-09860-4 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
El Hindy, M., Hezwani, M., Corry, D., Hull, J., El Amraoui, F., Harris, M., Lee, C., Forshaw, T., Wilson, A., Mansbridge, A., et al. (2014) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2012.4869 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bixel, M. G., Hutson, S. M., & Hamprecht, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- ORCID
- Bixel, M. Gabriele
- Venue
- Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1997-05
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 685-694
- ISSN
- 0022-1554 (ISSN-L)
- 1551-5044
- OpenAlex
- W2154403203
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK34738)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase, brain glial cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, galactocerebroside, branched-chain amino acid catabolism, mitochondrial isoenzyme, cytosolic isoenzyme
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Branched-Chain, Transaminases, Animals, Brain, Cells, Cultured, Galactosylceramides, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Isoenzymes, Neuroglia, Blotting, Western, Rats, Wistar, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review