The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Organized violence 1989–2022, and the return of conflict between states
Open accessAbstract
This article reports on trends in organized violence, building on new data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP). In 2022, fatalities from organized violence increased by a staggering 97%, compared to the previous year, from 120,000 in 2021 to 237,000 in 2022, making 2022 the deadliest year since the Rwandan genocide in 1994. The increase was driven by two, particularly deadly, state-based armed conflicts: the Russia–Ukraine war, and the war in Ethiopia against TPLF (Tigray People’s Liberation Front). With more than 81,500 and 101,000 fatalities respectively, these are the two most deadly state-based conflict-years recorded in the post-1989 period. The Russian invasion of Ukraine is the first large-scale interstate war in 20 years, and the first interstate armed conflict since World War II where a major power in the international system seeks both territorial gains for itself and the subjugation of another state through regime change. We have witnessed an emerging trend of increased conflict between states in the last decade, including cases where major powers support opposite sides in internationalized intrastate conflict. UCDP recorded 55 active state-based armed conflicts in 2022, an increase of one compared to the previous year. Eight of these conflicts reached the level of war. While the fatalities caused by non-state conflict decreased somewhat when compared to 2021, the number of non-state conflicts, as well as both the number of civilians killed in one-sided violence and the number of actors carrying out such violence, increased in 2022.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“In subsequent years, Malawi, Rwanda, and South Sudan also enacted cybercrime or cybersecurity laws penalizing the dissemination of “offensive” or “false” information.108”
From Legalizing control: the rise of restrictive internet regulation in sub-Saharan Africa (2026) · cites this paper as [108]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths
Lacina, B., & Gleditsch, N. P. (2005) · European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie · doi:10.1007/s10680-005-6851-6 · Cited by 784
Rødseth, A. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511754074.011 · Cited by 268
Organized violence 1989–2021 and drone warfare
Davies, S., Pettersson, T., & Öberg, M. (2022) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/00223433221108428 · Cited by 201
Self-citationStrategic Rivalries in World Politics
Colaresi, M. P., Rasler, K., & Thompson, W. R. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511491283 · Cited by 119
SIPRI Yearbook 2020. Armaments, Disarmament and International Security
(2021) · Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation eBooks · doi:10.20542/978-5-9535-0594-9 · Cited by 63
Explaining the East Asian Peace: A Research Story
Tønnesson, S., & Rolfe, J. (2017) · Contemporary Southeast Asia · doi:10.1355/cs39-3p · Cited by 17
Svensson, I., Schaftenaar, S., & Allansson, M. (2022) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/00220027221109791 · Cited by 14
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Berg, 2022, Tussle for the Amazon: New frontiers in Brazil’s organized crime landscape
- Braddick, 2022, Chilling moment Mexico’s deadliest cartel drops bombs from a drone onto rival camp in new turf war
- Brands, 2021, The new cold war: America, China, and the echoes of history, Foreign Affairs, 100, 10
- Economy, 2014, China’s imperial president: Xi Jinping tightens his grip, Foreign Affairs, 93, 80
- Harter, 2023, Tigray aid access improves as peace deal makes headway
- Kelly, 2023, Hundreds massacred in Ethiopia even as peace deal was being reached
- Kotkin, 2022, The cold war never ended: Ukraine, the China challenge, and the revival of the West, Foreign Affairs, 101, 64
- Merz, 2022, The jihadist threat in northern Ghana and Togo: Stocktaking and prospects for containing the expansion
- SIPRI, 2022, SIPRI Year Book 2022: Armaments, Disarmament, and International Security
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A call to action: the second Lancet Commission on adolescent health and wellbeing
Baird, S., Choonara, S., Azzopardi, P. S., Banati, P., Bessant, J., Biermann, O., Capon, A. G., Claeson, M., Collins, P. Y., Wet, N. D., et al. (2025) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(25)00503-3 · Cited by 191
The impacts of armed conflict on human development: A review of the literature
Vesco, P., Baliki, G., Brück, T., Döring, S., Eriksson, A., Fjelde, H., Guha‐Sapir, D., Hall, J., Knutsen, C. H., Leis, M., et al. (2024) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106806 · Cited by 145
Bedasa, Y., & Deksisa, K. (2024) · Journal of Agriculture and Food Research · doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2024.100978 · Cited by 69
The Lancet Commission on peaceful societies through health equity and gender equality
Percival, V., Thoms, O. T., Oppenheim, B., Rowlands, D., Chisadza, C., Fewer, S., Yamey, G., Alexander, A. C., Allaham, C. L., Causevic, S., et al. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01348-x · Cited by 55
Ko, J., Lee, H. F., & Leung, C.-K. (2024) · Innovation and Green Development · doi:10.1016/j.igd.2024.100175 · Cited by 32
Metadata
- Authors
- Davies, S., Pettersson, T., & Öberg, M.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Pettersson, Therése
- Venue
- Journal of Peace Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2023-07-01
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 691-708
- ISSN
- 0022-3433 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-3578
- OpenAlex
- W4384130853
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 73 · 2025: 103 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 13
- FWCI
- 115.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Peace Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Uppsala Universitet
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Peacebuilding and International Security
- Keywords
- organized violence, interstate war, Russian invasion of Ukraine, Tigray People's Liberation Front, Ethiopia, conflict fatalities, civilian casualties, regime change, Uppsala Conflict Data Program
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
