Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Globally, battle deaths have declined since 1945 and the number of interstate conflicts has decreased since 1990, while the peak of interstate conflicts with more than 1000 battle deaths per year was in the 1970s with a rapid decline thereafter.
“Globally, battle deaths have declined since 1945 and the number of interstate conflicts has decreased since 1990 while the peak of interstate conflicts with more than 1000 battle deaths per year was in the 1970s with a rapid decline thereafter.”
From The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013 (2016) · cites this paper as [42]
Cites
The world report on violence and health
Krug, E. G., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., & Zwi, A. B. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11133-0 · Cited by 9,110 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Some recent work has discussed or estimated the long-term public health consequences of war ( Krug et al., 2002; Murray et al., 2002; Black et al., 2003; Ghobarah et al., 2003).”
BackgroundEthnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War
FEARON, J. D., & LAITIN, D. D. (2003) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055403000534 · Cited by 7,366 · see citing works
Armed Conflict 1946-2001: A New Dataset
GLEDITSCH, N. P., WALLENSTEEN, P., ERIKSSON, M., SOLLENBERG, M., & STRAND, H. (2002) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343302039005007 · Cited by 3,846 · see citing works
Self-citationWhere and why are 10 million children dying every year?
Black, R. E., Morris, S. S., & Bryce, J. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13779-8 · Cited by 2,437 · see citing works
Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy: (504012013-001)
Collier, P., Elliot, V. L., Hegre, H., Hoeffler, A., Reynal-Querol, M., & Sambanis, N. (2003) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e504012013-001 · Cited by 2,431 · see citing works
Toward a Democratic Civil Peace? Democracy, Political Change, and Civil War, 1816–1992
Hegre, H. (2001) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055401000119 · Cited by 1,604 · see citing works
World Report on Violence and Health, World Health Organization
Krug, E. (2002) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,362 · see citing works
Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations, by Michael Walzer
O’Brien, W. V. (1979) · Political Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2150196 · Cited by 1,218 · see citing works
El informe mundial sobre la violencia y la salud.
Krug, E. G., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., & Zwi, A. B. (2002) · Biomédica · doi:10.7705/biomedica.v22isupp2.1182 · Cited by 1,058 · see citing works
Harff, B. (2003) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055403000522 · Cited by 859 · see citing works
Civil Wars Kill and Maim People—Long After the Shooting Stops
Ghobarah, H. A., Huth, P. D., & Russett, B. M. (2003) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055403000613 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
“Draining the Sea”: Mass Killing and Guerrilla Warfare
Valentino, B., Huth, P., & Balch-Lindsay, D. (2004) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818304582061 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
World Military and Social Expenditures, 1974
Sivard, R. L., & Institute for World Order (1982) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · doi:10.6077/0zc1-tr77 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Economic Growth, Civil Wars, and Spatial Spillovers
MURDOCH, J. C., & SANDLER, T. (2002) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002702046001006 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
The Correlates of War Data On War: an Update To 1997
Sarkees, M. R., & Schafer, P. (2000) · Conflict Management and Peace Science · doi:10.1177/073889420001800105 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Armed conflict as a public health problem
Murray, C. J. L. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7333.346 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
An Introduction to the International Criminal Court
Schabas, W. A. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139164818 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Mortality before and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: cluster sample survey
Roberts, L., Lafta, R., Garfield, R., Khudhairi, J. M., & Burnham, G. M. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17441-2 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Neotrusteeship and the problem of weak states
Fearon, J. D., & Laitin, D. D. (2004) · International Security · doi:10.1162/0162288041588296 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Harff, B., & Gurr, T. R. (1988) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2600447 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
World military and social expenditures
Barnaby, F. (1990) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(90)90242-k · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Sarkees, M. R., Wayman, F. W., & Singer, J. D. (2003) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-2478.4701003 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Pakenham, T. (1991) · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Armed Conflict and Its International Dimensions, 1946-2004
Harbom, L., & Wallensteen, P. (2005) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343305056238 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder since 1900
Rummel, R. J. (1998) · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Testing the Double-Genocide Thesis for Central and Southern Rwanda
Verwimp, P. (2003) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002703254478 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Walzer, M., & Fussell, P. (1978) · Religious Studies Review · doi:10.1111/j.1748-0922.1978.tb00022.x · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Li, Q., & Wen, M. (2005) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343305054092 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
HIV/AIDS and the Changing Landscape of War in Africa
Elbe, S. (2002) · International Security · doi:10.1162/016228802760987851 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Goulias, D. G., Investigator, P., Yahalom, S. Z., & Chien, I.-J. S. (2001) · Cited by 139 · see citing works
The Declining Risk of Death in Battle
Lacina, B., Gleditsch, N. P., & Russett, B. M. (2006) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00419.x · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationWarfare and armed conflicts: a statistical reference to casualty and other figures, 1500-2000
(2002) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-0037 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Uncivil Wars: International Security and the New Internal Conflicts
Snow, D. M. (1996) · Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa) · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Henderson, E. A. (2002) · Lynne Rienner Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781685855062 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Preventing Genocide: How the Early Use of Force Might Have Succeeded in Rwanda.
Feil, S. (1998) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Results from a Nationwide Survey
Roberts, L., Mone, C., Muganda, C. L., & Zantop, M. (2003) · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Democracy and war: the end of an illusion?
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-3046 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Amer, R., Heldt, B., Landgren-Bäckström, S., Magnusson, K., Melander, E., Nordquist, K.-Å., Ohlson, T., & Wallensteen, P. Ö. M. (1993) · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Accounting for Genocide: How Many Were Killed in Srebrenica?
Brunborg, H., Lyngstad, T. H., & Urdal, H. (2003) · European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie · doi:10.1023/a:1024949307841 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
International conflict: a chronological encyclopedia of conflicts and their management, 1945-1995
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-4875 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Warfare and armed conflicts: a statistical reference to casualty and other figures, 1618-1991
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-4139 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Mueller, J. D. (2003) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/00223433030405001 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The perfect enemy: Assessing the gulf war
Mueller, J. E. (1995) · Security Studies · doi:10.1080/09636419508429253 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The Anti-Soviet resistance in the Baltic States
Anušauskas, A., & institutas, L. G. G. I. R. T. (1999) · Cited by 48 · see citing works
How many soldiers and civilians died during the Russo-Chechen war of 1994-1996?
Dunlop, J. B. (2000) · Central Asian Survey · doi:10.1080/026349300750057964 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
(1953) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(53)90334-1 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Civilian Victims in an Asymmetrical Conflict: Operation Enduring Freedom, Afghanistan
Benini, A. A., & Moulton, L. H. (2004) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343304044474 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Afghanistan: the decimation of a people.
Sliwinski, M. (1989) · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Military Culture and the Production of “Final Solutions” in the Colonies
Hull, I. V. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511819674.007 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The United Nations and Somalia
Bariagaber, A. (1996) · African and Asian Studies · doi:10.1163/156852196x00133 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Mortality before and after the invasion of Iraq in 2003
Al-Rubeyi, B. I. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17453-9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Iraq: America's Private Armies
Keefe, P. R. (2004) · New York review of books/The New York review of books · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ettinger, D. (2005) · Reference Reviews · doi:10.1108/09504120510573530 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Chesterman, S. (2001) · Lynne Rienner Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781685858414 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The World in Conflict: War Annual 6
Widdershoven, C. J. C. G., & Laffin, J. (1997) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University) · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The United Nations and Somalia 1992-1996
Boutros‐Ghali, B. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Sliwinski, M. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hobhouse, L. T. (2010) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wolfson, M., & Smith, R. C. (1993) · Defence Economics · doi:10.1080/10430719308404770 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Comparison of the armed struggles for independence in the Baltic states and Western Ukraine
Anušauskas, A. (2006) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 62 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Haagsma, J. A., Graetz, N., Bolliger, I., Naghavi, M., Higashi, H., Mullany, E. C., Abera, S. F., Abraham, J. P., Adofo, K., Alsharif, U., et al. (2016) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041616 · Cited by 1,302 · see citing works
Commodity Price Shocks and Civil Conflict: Evidence from Colombia
Dube, O., & Vargas, J. F. (2013) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1093/restud/rdt009 · Cited by 1,187 · see citing works
Warming increases the risk of civil war in Africa
Burke, M., Miguel, E. A., Satyanath, S., Dykema, J. A., & Lobell, D. B. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0907998106 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
State Capacity, Conflict, and Development
(2010) · Econometrica · doi:10.3982/ecta8073 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
One-Sided Violence Against Civilians in War
Eck, K., & Hultman, L. (2007) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343307075124 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Pettersson, T., & Wallensteen, P. (2015) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343315595927 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Contagion or Confusion? Why Conflicts Cluster in Space
Buhaug, H., & Gleditsch, K. S. (2008) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2008.00499.x · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Explaining Rape during Civil War: Cross-National Evidence (1980–2009)
Cohen, D. K. (2013) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055413000221 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Rebel capability and strategic violence against civilians
Wood, R. M. (2010) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343310376473 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
The Enemy Within: Personal Rule, Coups, and Civil War in Africa
Roessler, P. (2011) · World Politics · doi:10.1017/s0043887111000049 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
The Logic of Political Violence
Besley, T., & Persson, T. (2011) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjr025 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Economic Shocks and Conflict: Evidence from Commodity Prices
Bazzi, S., & Blattman, C. (2014) · American Economic Journal Macroeconomics · doi:10.1257/mac.6.4.1 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Lorentzen, P., McMillan, J., & Wacziarg, R. T. (2008) · Journal of Economic Growth · doi:10.1007/s10887-008-9029-3 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
How and when armed conflicts end: Introducing the UCDP Conflict Termination dataset
Kreutz, J. (2010) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343309353108 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Explaining the Severity of Civil Wars
Lacina, B. (2006) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002705284828 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Self-citationCivil War as State-Making: Strategic Governance in Civil War
Stewart, M. A. (2017) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818317000418 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Aid Under Fire: Development Projects and Civil Conflict
Crost, B., Felter, J., & Johnston, P. (2014) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.104.6.1833 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
The Rise of Muslim Foreign Fighters: Islam and the Globalization of Jihad
Hegghammer, T. (2010) · International Security · doi:10.1162/isec_a_00023 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Whither the weather? Climate change and conflict
Gleditsch, N. (2012) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343311431288 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Self-citationThe long-run effects of the scramble for Africa
Michalopoulos, S., & Papaioannou, E. (2016) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20131311 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
The perils of policy by p-value: Predicting civil conflicts
Ward, M. D., Greenhill, B. D., & Bakke, K. M. (2010) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343309356491 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Melander, E., Pettersson, T., & Themnér, L. (2016) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343316663032 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Veto Players and Civil War Duration
Cunningham, D. E. (2006) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00221.x · Cited by 522 · see citing works
The spoils of nature: Armed civil conflict and rebel access to natural resources
Lujala, P. (2010) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343309350015 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Do UN Interventions Cause Peace? Using Matching to Improve Causal Inference
Gilligan, M., & Sergenti, E. J. (2008) · Quarterly Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1561/100.00007051 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Development Consequences of Armed Conflict
Gates, S., Hegre, H., Nygård, H. M., & Strand, H. (2012) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.04.031 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Handling and Manhandling Civilians in Civil War
HUMPHREYS, M., & WEINSTEIN, J. M. (2006) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055406062289 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Denny, E. K., & Walter, B. F. (2014) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343313512853 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Kaldor, M. H. (2013) · Stability International Journal of Security and Development · doi:10.5334/sta.at · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Diamond Wars? Conflict Diamonds and Geographies of Resource Wars
Billon, P. L. (2008) · Annals of the Association of American Geographers · doi:10.1080/00045600801922422 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
The Unequal Burden of War: The Effect of Armed Conflict on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy
Plümper, T., & Neumayer, E. (2006) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818306060231 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Organized violence 1989–2022, and the return of conflict between states
Davies, S., Pettersson, T., & Öberg, M. (2023) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/00223433231185169 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
People vs. Malthus: Population Pressure, Environmental Degradation, and Armed Conflict Revisited
Urdal, H. (2005) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343305054089 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Blocking resolution: How external states can prolong civil wars
Cunningham, D. E. (2010) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343309353488 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Kruk, M. E., Freedman, L. P., Anglin, G., & Waldman, R. J. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.042 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Is climate change a driver of armed conflict?
Theisen, O. M., Gleditsch, N., & Buhaug, H. (2013) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0649-4 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationThemnér, L., & Wallensteen, P. (2011) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343311415302 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
When Do They Say Yes? An Analysis of the Willingness to Offer and Accept Mediation in Civil Wars
Greig, J. M., & Regan, P. M. (2008) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2008.00525.x · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Deadly Combat over Natural Resources
Lujala, P. (2008) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002708327644 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Armed intervention and civilian victimization in intrastate conflicts
Wood, R. M., Kathman, J. D., & Gent, S. E. (2012) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343312449032 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Do natural resources matter for interstate and intrastate armed conflict?
Koubi, V., Spilker, G., Böhmelt, T., & Bernauer, T. (2013) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343313493455 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
The Effect of Civil War on Education, 1980—97
Lai, B. H., & Thyne, C. L. (2007) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343307076631 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
State Capacity, State Failure, and Human Rights
Englehart, N. A. (2009) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343308100713 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Monteiro, N. P. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107449350 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Capacity to trust? Institutional capacity, conflict, and political trust in Africa, 2000–2005
Hutchison, M. L., & Johnson, K. (2011) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343311417981 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Why Bad Governance Leads to Repeat Civil War
Walter, B. F. (2015) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002714528006 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Obermeyer, Z., Murray, C. J. L., & Gakidou, E. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a137 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Climate shocks and political violence
Salehyan, I., & Hendrix, C. S. (2014) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.07.007 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Neotrusteeship and the problem of weak states
Fearon, J. D., & Laitin, D. D. (2004) · International Security · doi:10.1162/0162288041588296 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
African Women's Movements: Transforming Political Landscapes
Tripp, A. M., Casimiro, I. M. A. P. C., Kwesiga, J. C., & Mungwa, A. (2008) · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Pettersson, T., & Eck, K. (2018) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343318784101 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
China's Impact on Africa The Role of Trade, FDI and Aid
Busse, M., Erdoğan, C., & Mühlen, H. (2014) · Kyklos · doi:10.1111/kykl.12110 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Ethnicity and Conflict: Theory and Facts
Esteban, J. M., Mayoral, L., & Debraj Ray, B. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1222240 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity Is Not Peaceful
Monteiro, N. P. (2011) · International Security · doi:10.1162/isec_a_00064 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Terrorism in the Context of Civil War
Stanton, J. A. (2013) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381613000984 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
de Ree, J., & Nillesen, E. (2008) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.03.005 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Introducing the Civil Wars Mediation (CWM) dataset
DeRouen, K., Bercovitch, J., & Pospieszna, P. (2011) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343311406157 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Klugman, J. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 177 · see citing works
The CEDAW Effect: International Law's Impact on Women's Rights
Englehart, N. A., & Miller, M. K. (2014) · Journal of Human Rights · doi:10.1080/14754835.2013.824274 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
The Incidence of Civil War: Theory and Evidence
Besley, T., & Persson, T. (2008) · doi:10.3386/w14585 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Revisiting the Role of Education for Agricultural Productivity
Reimers, M., & Klasen, S. (2012) · American Journal of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1093/ajae/aas118 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
State Capacity, Conflict and Development
Besley, T. J., & Persson, T. (2009) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w15088 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Why Do Authoritarian Regimes Sign the Convention Against Torture?
Hollyer, J. R., & Rosendorff, B. P. (2011) · Quarterly Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1561/100.00010059 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Urdal, H., & Che, C. P. (2013) · International Interactions · doi:10.1080/03050629.2013.805133 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Poverty and Violent Conflict: A Micro-Level Perspective on the Causes and Duration of Warfare
Justino, P. (2009) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343309102655 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Ray, D., & Esteban, J. (2017) · The Handbook of Economic Development and Institutions · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-061109-080205 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Why Is There So Much Conflict in the Middle East?
Sørli, M. E., Gleditsch, N. P., & Strand, H. (2004) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002704270824 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationBarriers to Peace in Civil War
Cunningham, D. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511993374 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Repression, Dissent, and the Onset of Civil War
Young, J. K. (2012) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912912452485 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Ruggeri, A., Gizelis, T., & Dorussen, H. (2012) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002712448906 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Civil War Contagion and Neighboring Interventions1
Kathman, J. D. (2010) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2010.00623.x · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The Declining Risk of Death in Battle
Lacina, B., Gleditsch, N. P., & Russett, B. M. (2006) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00419.x · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationCitizenship education in Post-conflict contexts: A review of the literature
Quaynor, L. (2012) · Education Citizenship and Social Justice · doi:10.1177/1746197911432593 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Relative rebel strength and the onset and outcome of civil war mediation
Clayton, G. (2013) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343313491587 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Harbom, L., & Wallensteen, P. (2010) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343310376887 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Conflict, Peace, and the Evolution of Women's Empowerment
Webster, K., Chen, C., & Beardsley, K. (2019) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818319000055 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Power Politics and State Formation in the Twentieth Century: The Dynamics of Recognition
Coggins, B. L. (2016) · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Bear Any Burden? How Democracies Minimize the Costs of War
Valentino, B. A., Huth, P. K., & Croco, S. E. (2010) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381609990831 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Shaping the Northern Media's Human Rights Coverage, 1986—2000
Ramos, H., Ron, J., & Thoms, O. T. (2007) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343307078943 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Democracy under the Gun Understanding Postconflict Economic Recovery
Flores, T. E., & Nooruddin, I. (2008) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002708326745 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Assisting Uncertainty: How Humanitarian Aid can Inadvertently Prolong Civil War
Narang, N. (2014) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/isqu.12151 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Post-Conflict Justice And Sustainable Peace
Lie, T. G., Binningsbø, H. M., & Gates, S. (2007) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-4191 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Does Warfare Matter? Severity, Duration, and Outcomes of Civil Wars
Balcells, L., & Kalyvas, S. N. (2014) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002714547903 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Dead Wrong?: Battle Deaths, Military Medicine, and Exaggerated Reports of War's Demise
Fazal, T. M. (2014) · International Security · doi:10.1162/isec_a_00166 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Szirmai, A. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107054158 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
When Civil Wars Recur: Conditions for Durable Peace after Civil Wars
David Mason, T., Gurses, M., Brandt, P. T., & Michael Quinn, J. (2011) · International Studies Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1528-3585.2011.00426.x · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Ruthless Rulers: Coalition Size and the Severity of Civil Conflict
Heger, L. L., & Salehyan, I. (2007) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00456.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Melander, E., Öberg, M., & Hall, J. (2009) · European Journal of International Relations · doi:10.1177/1354066109338243 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Does State Failure Cause Terrorism? An Empirical Analysis (1999–2008)
Coggins, B. L. (2014) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002713515403 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Armed conflict and post-conflict justice, 1946–2006
Binningsbø, H. M., Loyle, C. E., Gates, S., & Elster, J. (2012) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343312450886 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Explaining Population Displacement Strategies in Civil Wars: A Cross-National Analysis
Lichtenheld, A. (2020) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818320000089 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Time-varying geopolitical risk and oil prices
Ivanovski, K., & Hailemariam, A. (2021) · International Review of Economics & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.iref.2021.10.001 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Hit and (they will) run: The impact of terrorism on migration
Dreher, A., Krieger, T., & Meierrieks, D. (2011) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2011.05.044 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Responding to sexual violence: Women’s mobilization in war
Kreft, A. (2018) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343318800361 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Signs of Trouble: Regional Organization Mediation and Civil War Agreement Durability
Gartner, S. S. (2011) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381611000090 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Stanton, J. A. (2015) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002715576751 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Natural Resources and Violent Conflict
Nillesen, E., & Bulte, E. (2014) · Annual Review of Resource Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-resource-091912-151910 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Foreign Aid as a Signal to Investors
Garriga, A. C., & Phillips, B. J. (2013) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002712467937 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Acemoğlu, D., Fergusson, L., & Johnson, S. (2019) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1093/restud/rdz042 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
From Armed Conflict to War: Ethnic Mobilization and Conflict Intensification
Eck, K. (2009) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00538.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lacina, B., & Gleditsch, N. P.
- Affiliations
- Peace Research Institute Oslo (NO)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Lacina, Bethany
- Venue
- European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 145-166
- ISSN
- 0168-6577 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-9885
- OpenAlex
- W1966690268
- Cited by
- 784
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 57.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Conflict Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Environmental and Biological Research in Conflict Zones
- Keywords
- death in battle, death in war, armed conflict, civil war, interstate conflict, displacement, human cost of war
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review