The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cost of non-antimicrobials for prophylaxis in the management of recurrent UTIs
Abstract
ObjectiveThe aim of this paper was to look at the cost of the different non-antimicrobials available for the management of recurrent UTIs, and to compare these to the antimicrobials currently recommended for prophylaxis in the United Kingdom.MethodsFive non-antimicrobials (D-mannose, Probiotics/lactobacillus, Methenamine Hippurate, Oestrogens and Cranberry) and four antimicrobials (prophylactic dose Trimethoprim, Nitrofurantoin, Amoxicillin and Cefalexin) were included. The cost for 6 months of prophylactic treatment was calculated for each, with the median and range included for the non-prescription products.ResultsFor a 6-month duration, the median cost of Vaginal oestrogen, Cranberry, Methenamine Hippurate, Probiotics and D-mannose was £22.04, £55.95, £100.44, £139.5 and £158.40 respectively. Vaginal oestrogens were the cheapest non-antimicrobial management option with D-mannose being the most expensive. Trimethoprim was the cheapest of the antimicrobials for 6 months of prophylaxis (£5.08), followed by Cefalexin (£7.97), Amoxicillin (£10.71) and Nitrofurantoin (£16.32).ConclusionThe cost of antimicrobial management options for the prophylaxis of UTIs was found to be generally cheaper across the board, in comparison to non-antimicrobial products. However, the continuing public health crisis with regards to overprescribing of antimicrobials, growing resistance and the need for antimicrobial stewardship makes non-antimicrobials an ever-important consideration.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“a significant economic and antimicrobial stewardship burden, the development of non-antimicrobial preventive strategies remains of great public health relevance [71, 72].”
In the citing paper
“a significant economic and antimicrobial stewardship burden, the development of non-antimicrobial preventive strategies remains of great public health relevance [71, 72].”
Citations
Cites
Bell, B. G., Schellevis, F., Stobberingh, E., Goossens, H., & Pringle, M. (2014) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-13 · Cited by 1,262
Research works printed but not linked: 17
- 10.1080/14737167.2017.1359543 · DOI
- England PH. Diagnosis of urinary tract infections. London, England: PHE Publications, 2020.
- 10.1067/mda.2003.7 · DOI
- European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines on Urological Infections [Internet]. Arnhem, The Netherlands: EAU, 2024 [cited 29 April 2024]. Available from: https://uroweb.org/guidelines/urological-infections
- 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.07.012 · DOI
- 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70027-X · DOI
- 10.1038/s41585-018-0106-x · DOI
- 10.1016/j.juro.2013.04.142 · DOI
- 10.1007/s00345-013-1091-6 · DOI
- 10.1111/bcp.13077 · DOI
- 10.1097/SPV.0000000000000244 · DOI
- Grin PM, Kowalewska PM, Alhazzan W, et al. Lactobacillus for preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in women: meta-analysis. Can J Urol 2013; 20: 6607–6614.
- 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.048 · DOI
- 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0264 · DOI
- 10.5867/medwave.2018.02.7185 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.euf.2020.09.004 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.euf.2019.11.002 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Metadata
- Authors
- Joshi, A., Tzelves, L., Juliebø-Jones, P., Kamal, W., Shrestha, A., & Somani, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Southampton (GB)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Department of Urology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- King Fahad Hospital Jeddah (SA)
- Bir Hospital (NP)
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Somani, Bhaskar
- Venue
- Scottish Medical Journal
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2025-07-03
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 46-53
- ISSN
- 0036-9330 (ISSN-L)
- 2045-6441
- OpenAlex
- W4411972529
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Scottish Medical Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Keywords
- recurrent urinary tract infection, cost analysis, D-mannose, probiotics, Lactobacillus, methenamine hippurate, cranberry, antibiotic prophylaxis, trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, antimicrobial stewardship, antimicrobial resistance
- MeSH terms
- Amoxicillin, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cephalexin, Female, United Kingdom, Hippurates, Humans, Methenamine, Nitrofurantoin, Recurrence, Trimethoprim, Urinary Tract Infections, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Probiotics, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Secondary Prevention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cost of non-antimicrobials for prophylaxis in the management of recurrent UTIs. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/00369330251355285
- The paper
- Joshi, A., Tzelves, L., Juliebø-Jones, P., Kamal, W., Shrestha, A., & Somani, B. (2025). Cost of non-antimicrobials for prophylaxis in the management of recurrent UTIs. Scottish Medical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/00369330251355285
