Becoming Middle Class: How Working-class University Students Draw and Transgress Moral Class Boundaries
Abstract
This article analyses the expectations and experiences of a group of Canadian working-class, first-generation university students. I outline the structural disadvantages, in terms of economic, social, and cultural capital, these young people encounter. Rather than viewing working-class status exclusively as a barrier, I show how these students draw on their working-class backgrounds to construct uniquely working-class moral advantages, such as those associated with a strong work ethic, maturity, responsibility, and real-life experiences, to overcome structural disadvantages.Their narratives of moral class advantages, however, lack class consciousness.They can be interpreted as individualistic strategies that draw on collective values. Ultimately, these working-class students hope to transcend their class position. Drawing on working-class moralities supports their claim for recognition as educated middle-class subjects, but with moral dispositions rooted in their social background and upbringing.
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- Authors
- Lehmann, W.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Lehmann, Wolfgang
- ORCID
- Lehmann, Wolfgang
- Venue
- Sociology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 631-647
- ISSN
- 0038-0385 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8684
- OpenAlex
- W2058465735
- Cited by
- 208
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 23.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Cultural Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Educational Theory and Curriculum Studies
- Keywords
- working-class students, first-generation college students, middle-class identity, class consciousness, cultural capital, social capital, economic capital, work ethic, social mobility, recognition, individualism, Canadian higher education
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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