CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 799Identity, Memory, and TherapyYouth Education and Societal DynamicsRacial and Ethnic Identity Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Identity and Agency in Emerging Adulthood: Two Developmental Routes in the Individualization Process

Schwartz, Seth J., Côté, James E., Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen·2005·Youth & Society
DOI 10.1177/0044118x05275965
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The study of emerging adulthood—the prolonged transition to adulthood extending into the 20s—is a rapidly growing area of research. Although identity issues are prominent during this period, the role of personal agency and individualization in the identity formation process during these years is not well understood. This study examines three psychological aspects of identity formation (style, status, and process) in relation to personal agency associated with the individualization process. Structural equation modeling analyses suggest that higher levels of agency are positively related to exploration and flexible commitment, unrelated to conformity, and negatively related to avoidance. Cluster analysis was used to examine and support a theorized polarity between developmental and default forms of individualization. Replicated across three U.S. ethnic groups, the results suggest that emerging adults utilize agentic capacities to varying degrees, and that the degree of agency utilized is directly related to the coherence of the emerging adult's identity.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0044118x05275965

Cites

54 of 54 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

Show all 53 references

Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. Arnett, J. J., Growing into adulthood: The lives and contexts of emerging adults
  2. Côté, J. E. (1984). The identity crisis: A formulation and empirical test of Erikson's theory of ego identity formation . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, York University, Ontario, Canada.
  3. Côté, J. E., 1997, Journal of Adolescence, 20, 421
  4. Day, J. C., 1996, Population projections of the United States by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin (Current Population Report P25-1130)
  5. Schwartz, S. J., 2005, Acculturation and identity among immigrant people: Theoretical propositions, empirical questions, and applied recommendations
  6. Sneed, J. R., Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research
  7. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights, 2002, Annual report, 2002

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 797

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Schwartz, S. J., Côté, J. E., & Arnett, J. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Miami (US)
  • Western University (CA)
  • University of Maryland, College Park (US)
ORCID
Venue
Youth & Society
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2005-12
Volume
37
Issue
2
Pages
201-229
ISSN
  • 0044-118X (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-8499
DOI
10.1177/0044118x05275965
OpenAlex
W2166065160
Cited by
799
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 35 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 40
FWCI
19.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Youth & Society (publishedVersion)
  • Clark Digital Commons (Clark University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Youth Education and Societal Dynamics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Keywords
emerging adulthood, identity construction, individual agency, individualization, identity status, identity processes, identity styles, identity exploration, conformity, identity avoidance, identity coherence, ethnic differences

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review