Combining the Best of Online and Face-to-Face Learning: Hybrid and Blended Learning Approach for COVID-19, Post Vaccine, & Post-Pandemic World
Open accessAbstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the landscape of higher education. As academic institutions across the world continue to deal with the global health crisis, there is a need to examine different instructional approaches including online, hybrid, and blended learning methods. This descriptive study provide an in-depth review of the history of blended learning, evolution of hybrid model of instruction, preparedness of faculty with minimal or no experience in online teaching, and lessons learned as faculty worked on navigating COVID-19 situation since early 2020. A fish-bone analysis, a visual and structured approach to identify possible causes of problem, has been used to present the problems faced by faculty during the pandemic. A detailed Strength–Weakness–Opportunities–Threat analysis of blended/hybrid learning has been presented. An evidence-based approach on how instructors can combine the best of both traditional and online instruction to offer engaging learning experiences for students has been described. This research provides valuable insights to faculty and administrators who are preparing to teach during a pandemic and making efforts to academically survive it.
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Persistent absenteeism contributes to disengagement and entrenched social inequality.
“whereas persistent absenteeism contributes to disengagement and entrenched social inequality (Malcolm et al., 2003; Singh et al., 2021).”
From Beyond the Classroom: Strengthening Pupil Engagement, Attendance and Belonging through Alternative Education and Community Partnerships (2025) · cites this paper as Singh et al., 2021
Hybrid or blended delivery could be effective in allowing students to continue to access their courses during periods when they need to temporarily withdraw from interactions with other people.
“Hybrid or blended delivery could be effective in allowing students to continue to access their courses during such periods (Singh et al., 2021).”
From Compassionate pedagogy for neurodiversity in higher education: A conceptual analysis (2023) · cites this paper as Singh et al., 2021
Cites
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The Difference between Emergency Remote Teaching and Online Learning
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“More speci fi cally, lack of awareness of basic principles needed to design and facilitate meaningful learning experiences in online format created additional challenges for faculty (Rapanta et al., 2020).”
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Mah, D.-K., & Groß, N. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-024-00490-1 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
“…worldwide have been navigating the challenging terrain of digital transformation, compelled by factors such as the integration of digital tools, instructional design modifications, and digital assessments and the exi-gencies posed by the COVID-19 pandemic (Singh et al., 2021; Xie et al., 2021).”
Compassionate pedagogy for neurodiversity in higher education: A conceptual analysis
Hamilton, L. G., & Petty, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1093290 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Singh, J., Steele, K., & Singh, L.
- Affiliations
- Minnesota State University Moorhead (US)
- Bemidji State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Singh, Jitendra
- ORCID
- Singh, Jitendra
- Venue
- Journal of Educational Technology Systems
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-10-20
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 140-171
- ISSN
- 0047-2395 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-3810
- OpenAlex
- W3206854835
- Cited by
- 739
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 113 · 2024: 204 · 2023: 233 · 2022: 117 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 244.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Educational Technology Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
- Social Sciences › Education › Education during COVID-19 pandemic
- Social Sciences › Education › E-Learning and COVID-19
- Keywords
- hybrid learning, blended learning, online learning, COVID-19 pandemic, higher education, faculty readiness, post-pandemic education, SWOT analysis, instructional design, faculty challenges
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