Gender Differences in Aspects of Psychological Well-Being
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether men and women differ with regard to aspects of psychological well-being. For the purposes of this study, a meta-analysis was performed on data from a trans-university project, involving a multicultural availability sample of 378. The participants each completed 13 scales that measure psychological well-being in affective, physical, cognitive, spiritual, self and social aspects. Statistically significant gender differences with small to medium practical effects were found. Men scored higher on physical self-concept, automatic thoughts (positive), constructive thinking, cognitive flexibility, total self-concept, and fortitude. Women scored higher on the expression of affect, somatic symptoms, and religious well-being. No significant gender differences were found on sense of coherence, satisfaction with life, affect balance, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and the social components of self-concept and of fortitude. The results are in line with gender stereotypes and traditional socialisation practices and possibly reflect the impact of longstanding social inequity between men and women.
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- Authors
- Roothman, B., Kirsten, D. K., & Wissing, M. P.
- Affiliations
- North-West University (ZA)
- Venue
- South African Journal of Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 212-218
- ISSN
- 0081-2463 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2316523035
- Cited by
- 257
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- South African Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- Division of Chemistry
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- gender differences, psychological well-being, self-concept, physical self-concept, automatic thoughts, cognitive flexibility, fortitude, religious well-being, somatic symptoms, gender stereotypes, socialization, social inequities
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