The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prednisolone Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Relation to Sex and Race
Open accessAbstract
Prednisolone pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacyodynamics (PD) were investigated in relation to sex and race in white males, black males, white females, and black females (n = 8/group) after a single oral dose (0.27 mg/kg) of prednisone. The study consisted of baseline and prednisone phases with 32‐hour sampling in each phase. Women were studied during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. Total and free plasma prednisolone concentrations were assayed by HPLC and ultrafiltration, and pharmacokinetic data were analyzed by compartmental fitting using WinNonlin. Plasma cortisol concentrations were assayed by HPLC; T‐helper, T‐suppressor lymphocyte, and neutrophil cell counts were determined by FACS and hemocytometry, and these pharmacodynamic data were evaluated by basic and extended indirect response models using ADAPT II. Total body weight‐normalized free prednisolone oral clearance and apparent volume of distribution were higher in men compared with women, regardless of race (by 22% in whites and 40% in blacks for oral clearance, p < 0.01; by 32% in whites and 38% in blacks for apparent volume of distribution, p < 0.01). The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for T‐suppressor cell‐trafficking inhibition were higher in whites than in blacks, regardless of sex (by 125% in men and 208% in women, p < 0.01). The IC50 or SC50 values for effects of prednisolone on cortisol secretion and T‐helper lymphocyte or neutrophil trafficking were not statistically different between men and women, blacks and whites. The findings of this study suggest that there are some prednisolone PK/PD differences related to sex and race. However, these differences do not suggest the need for dosage adjustments, and additional experiments with repeat dosing are needed to fully evaluate the clinical implication of these findings.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This pattern is consistent with evidence that other biologic effects of similar doses of orally administered prednisone reach a peak between 4 and 8 hours and have a duration of action lasting in the range of 12 to 16 hours.26”
From Twenty‐four‐hour profiles of plasma glucose, insulin, C‐peptide and free fatty acid in subjects with varying degrees of glucose tolerance following short‐term, medium‐dose prednisone (20 mg/day) treatment: evidence for differing effects on insulin secretion and action (2012) · cites this paper as [26]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Glucocorticosteroid Therapy: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Considerations
FAUCI, A. S., DALE, D. C., & BALOW, J. E. (1976) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-84-3-304 · Cited by 1,044
Female Gender as a Risk Factor for Torsades de Pointes Associated With Cardiovascular Drugs
Makkar, R. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.270.21.2590 · Cited by 972
Comparison of four basic models of indirect pharmacodynamic responses
Dayneka, N., Garg, V., & Jusko, W. J. (1993) · Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1007/bf01061691 · Cited by 821
Self-citationSex hormones, immune responses, and autoimmune diseases. Mechanisms of sex hormone action.
Ahmed, S. A., Penhale, W. J., & Talal, N. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 815
Gender Effects in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Harris, R. Z., Benet, L. Z., & Schwartz, J. B. (1995) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199550020-00003 · Cited by 504
Burton, J. L., Kehrli, M. E., Kapil, S. J., & Horst, R. L. (1995) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.57.2.317 · Cited by 277
Schuetz, E. G., Furuya, K. N., & Schuetz, J. D. (1995) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)12089-2 · Cited by 266
Wandel, C. (2000) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1067/mcp.2000.108506 · Cited by 250
IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY IN HIGH-RISK TRANSPLANT PATIENTS
Neylan, J. F. (1997) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-199711150-00008 · Cited by 185
Gender-based effects on methylprednisolone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Lew, K. H., Ludwig, E. A., Milad, M. A., Donovan, K., Middleton, E., Ferry, J. J., & Jusko, W. J. (1993) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.1993.167 · Cited by 169
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- 10.1001/jama.1993.03510210076031 · DOI
- Spahn JBE, 1999, Do African Americans display a diminished response to glucocorticoids?, J Allergy Clin Immunology, 104, S62
- Jusko WJ, 1995, Applied Pharmacokinetics: Principle of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.
- D'Argenio DZ, 1997, ADAPT II Users' Guide: Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Systems Analysis Software.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–123 of 123
Gender factor in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Chukhlovin, A. B. (2020) · Cellular Therapy and Transplantation · doi:10.18620/ctt-1866-8836-2020-9-1-13-21 · Cited by 1
Impact of prednisolone dosage in the CHOP regimen for follicular lymphoma: a retrospective study
Ikeda, T., Fujiwara, S., Nakajima, H., Kawaguchi, S., Toda, Y., Ito, S., Ochi, S., Nagayama, T., Mashima, K., Umino, K., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s12185-020-02908-8 · Cited by 1
Are there concerns about generic medicines in rheumatology?
Bannwarth, B., Kostine, M., & Poursac, N. (2013) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2013.10.001
Les médicaments génériques posent-ils un problème en rhumatologie ?
Bannwarth, B., Kostine, M., & Poursac, N. (2013) · Revue du Rhumatisme · doi:10.1016/j.rhum.2013.09.010
Moya, P., de la Serna, A. R., & Pérez, A. (2011) · Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
Manejo de la hiperglucemia inducida por corticoides
Pau, S. (2010)
Tellor, K. B. (2017) · Current Research in Diabetes & Obesity Journal · doi:10.19080/crdoj.2017.05.555656
Seminarios de la Fundación Española de Reumatología
Saigí, I., & Pérez, A. (2012)
Enabling personalized medicine through pharmacokinetic modeling
Scherholz, M. L. (2019) · doi:10.7282/t3-2ry2-4f60
Li, J., Shi, J., Dong, Y., Yuan, T., Fu, Y., Xu, T., & Zhao, W. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-923851/v1
La terapia insulinica nel diabete mellito di tipo 2
Toffalini, A., Mantovani, A., & Zoppini, G. (2022) · il Diabete · doi:10.30682/ildia2201b
Mixed insulin can improve control of prednisolone‐induced hyperglycaemia
Scholes, G., Ng, E., Bach, L. A., & Sztal‐Mazer, S. (2023) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.16050
Geschlechtsunterschiede in der hepatobiliären und Transplantationschirurgie
Linge, H., Nevermann, N., Schmelzle, M., & Quante, M. (2024) · Die Chirurgie · doi:10.1007/s00104-024-02139-1
Nautiyal, S., Yokesh, M. M., Aravind, S., Varsha, N., Swastha, D., Samyuktha, K. B., Balde, A., Benjakul, S., & Nazeer, R. A. (2025) · Journal of Polymers and the Environment · doi:10.1007/s10924-025-03524-5
Möhlmann, J. E., Lindemans, C. A., Jansen, M. H. A., van Luin, M., Punt, A. M., Ezzafzafi, S., Nierkens, S., Huitema, A. D. R., & Schultink, A. H. M. D. V. (2025) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.1007/s40262-025-01601-5
van der Leeuw, M. S., Tekstra, J., van Laar, J. M., & Welsing, P. M. J. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22914571
Re, C. L., Longhitano, E., Gembillo, G., & Santoro, D. (2026) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1080/17425255.2026.2715710
Emphasizing ancestry in human-based biomedical research
Moore, E., Veintimilla, A. M., Owusu‐Boaitey, N., & Mulligan, C. J. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-26514-3.00004-7
Metadata
- Authors
- Magee, M. H., Blum, R. A., Lates, C. D., & Jusko, W. J.
- Affiliations
- Kaleida Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jusko, William J.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1180-1194
- ISSN
- 0021-9754 (ISSN-L)
- 0091-2700
- 1552-4604
- PMC
- PMC4207281
- OpenAlex
- W2065913585
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R37GM024211, GM 24211, R01GM024211)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Keywords
- prednisolone, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, sex differences, racial differences, prednisone, oral clearance, volume of distribution, cortisol secretion, T helper cells, T suppressor lymphocytes, neutrophil trafficking, indirect response model, dose adjustment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Female, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Middle Aged, Neutrophils, Prednisolone, Sex Factors, Black People, White People, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
